INITIALS Al

NAMliDF COlfTfl THE ITICLES

IS IN VOLUME XXIII BY THEM.

A. A. M.	A. A. MlCHEL&J	'H.D., ScJ	*.T>.	i
	Distinguisli\| i iPhysics),.!).	^rvice Profeil I	f>hysica, University of Chicago. Nobel Prizeman ^Velocity of Light
A.B.	AUBREY Frrxcfc;	> Brrr m		)
	Author of m	alfnriJtepM	\ese; etc.	1 Vincente, Gil.
A. B. G.	ALFRED BRADL*	OUCIT, M.AJ	;.D.	/ -]
	Sometime A University •	rd Scholar ol	\ John's Collcg	f., Oxford, English Lector in the \|- Westphalia, Treaty of.
A. C. Ho.	SIR ALEXANDEM Director of • Rivers as SMk	lOLSTON, K] •r Examinati of \Valer Suj.	S.f C.V.O., i\\| Metropolitan ; Rural WateM	' Water Board, London. Author of V Water Purification. Supplies and their Purification; ctc.J
A. D. I.	A. D. IMMS, M»D.Sc.	F	\|
	Chief EntoA^ist, K ithamst Formerly F» Zoologist to University t»ihaba<j. Aufc	Experiment.'' Govern^	Station, Harpenden, Hertfordahire. LWasp: of India and Professor of Biology, Weevil. ^xtbook of Entomology; etc. J
A. D. L.	ALEXANDER DtMp LINDSAY! ( Master of BB College, (1/r	F	!>. [ Workers, Education of. :<? Philosophy of Bcrgson; etc. J
A. D. M.	A. D. MiTCHET.Msn r r ri		•^ wr .
Assistant &Wto' th^jLta, Chemistry, Wrsity of L§on	, 1 Water; cat Society. Assistant Examiner m X^ ^n part)t of Chemistry. '
A. F. B.	ALDRED FARRE»KER, M.»
	Professor of Ve IijdustMj,f tries; etc. • M		• Author of Wool and Textile Indus- ^Woollen Manufacture; J Yarn.
A. F. Be.	ARCHIBALD FRA*CKI- , Illf Major, KoyaB Arti'lleiltir		, T , • 1 Waterloo Campaign, 1815* f Introduction to the History of Todies. )
A. F. Hu.	A. F. HuTcmso»v. I		\ Wallace, Sir William (in
	Sometime Rc»f tho llmch		I part).
A. GeL	SIR ARCHIBALD (»^ F,R.I

( '.eologist. Dh-.Gcnc! Director of th«eum of;* ical article: G^ SIR

A, G. P. ARTHUR GEORGE

Emeritus Profjformerh Faculty of TcAgy. 1025. Joint Alof The.

A. Hn. ARTHUR HARDEN,! pr

Head of Bioclii I London Univef

A. Ho. SIR ADAIR HOSE,

Principal Assisj

A. J. L. ANDREW JACKSON

Late Librarian,]

A. K. C. ANANDA K. COOM>

Keeper of Ind Author of The

A. L. B, ARTHUR LYON Bcr

Professor of ma tics and I tics; Measuremel War; etc, |.\t

A. L. Q. A. L. QUAINT ANCK,

Associate Chief,

A. L. S. ANDR£ L. SIMON. M

Of Messrs. Pomi Wine Trade.

A. L. WL A. L. WlDGERY,

A. Mor. A. MORA,

Director of PlywdtV

Sutvcy of the United Kingdom and lyesuviuS (in part). onAm, 1881-1901. S^thebiograph-

cry and Dyeing, Dean, 19*2-4 of the };\vy Medallist of the Royal Society, olouring Matters.

istitutc. Professor of Biochemistry, > Vitamins*

] War Pensions.

sions. '

1 Venezuela (in part). University. '

' ^* *\A Hi A *«i 1

['Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. VYaksaS. 'tonal Idealism; Art arul Swadeshi. J

mdon. Formerly Professor of Ma the- 1 Wages: Statistics of United eadsng. Author of Elements of 5w«- f Kingdom. Bourse of Prices and Wages During the\

hington.

of The Blood of the Grape;

Ltd., London.

(in part).

Wales (i* party | Veneer.

VI A. N.

A. P. Hi A. P. W.

A. P. WL

A. Sa.

A. S. P.-P.

A. Sy.

A. W. Hu. A. W. K.

A. Wf R.

A. W. W.-E. A.Yo.

B. F. C. A, B. F. F.

B. H. L. H. B. H.-S.

B. S. R.

C. A. C. B. C. A. S.

C. E. Co. C. E. T. C. F. A.

C. G. D. C. Go. C. H. H.

INITIALS AND NAM

ALLAN NEVINS, A.M.

Professor of American History, Cornell Uni Emergence of Modern America; etc.

ARTHUR P. HIROSE.

Manager, Market Analysis Department, McC of Domestic Klectric Refrigeration. COLONKL ARCHIBALD PERCIVAL WAVELL, C.M. Late the Black Watch. General Stall Officer Attach6 on the Caucasus Front, Nov. 1916- Brigadier General, General Staff, with Egypt

A. P. WILLS.

Professor of Mathematical Physics, Columbia University

SIR JAMKS ARTHUR SALTKR, K.C.B.

Director of the Economic and Finance Section of the Leag Secretary to the Reparations Commission, 1920 -• Secretar ment of the Supreme Economic Council, 1919- Secretary Transport Council and Chairman of Allied Maritime Lra Author of Allied Shipping Control: An Experiment in Interna

ANDREW SETH PRINGLE-PATTISON, M.A., LL.P., D.C.L., F- Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of Ldu in the University of Aberdeen, 1 911-3; Edinburgh, *92I~3 in tlte Cosmos; The Philosophical Radicals; etc.

ARTHUR SYMONS. f ,

English poet and critic. Author of Studies i\ Two Ltten Charles Baudelaire; etc. See biographical artic1! : SYMONS,

REV. ARTHUR \VOLLASTON HUTTON, M.A.

Author of Life of Cardinal Newman; Life of Car,

ARTHUR WILLIAM KIDDY.

City Editor of The Morning Post and

spondent in London of The Neiv York ,

zine, London. IoN.L.L.1

SIR ALEXANDER WOOD RENTON, K.C., Khor of T1 Puisne Justice, Supreme Court and P 1901-5; Ceylon, 1905-15. Chief Justice^ Chemi Editor of Encyclopaedia of English £a7£>£nstitute

REV. ARTHUR WADE WADE-EVANS.

Vicar of Pottersbury since 1926. Authciniversit\

ALLYN YODNO, PH. P.

Late Professor of Political Economy in

B. F. C. ATKINSON, PH.D. Author o

Under Librarian, University College, O LIEUTENANT B. F. FELLERS. Stirling.

Instructor in the Department of Engli Point.

CAPTAIN B. H. LIDDELL HART, FJ

Military historian and critic. Military o of the Military and Military History sec

MAJOR BROOKE HECKSTALL-SMITH. '

Secretary to the Yacht Racing Associatij^^jg* Yachting Editor of The Fit-Id^ 1900-28, ^rganic correspondent of The Daily Telegraph, L

,v-HiU Publisl Company. Auil

Nations. he British e Allied Marit

(-Washington, George. [| Washing Machines.

of the.

{ Vector Analysis.

War c°ntroi of Shipping.

Gifford LcctT { ^or of Ufan's He C

Law.

Days and

AY*; >Xeriai<ne>

/ Villiers de

U Financial (re- t0'* Bankers' ga- I

leral, Ma-ius, ( r act ice of lit

.War Finance- (Cost World War).

of the

IwS: WZ'

AcadeiWest j West Point.

-legrafiditor cdia

]

B. SEEBOHM ROWNTREE.

Chairman of Rowntree and Co., Ltd. Way to Industrial Peace; The Human author of Unemployment: A Social Stud

CHARLES A. C. BROWN.

Lister Ir

-H' of Pen;

Institute of Agriculture and Engineering

C. A. SMITH, M.A. *• Corne"

Secretary of the Faculty, University of ^.S., F.C

CHARLES E. COFFIN. ^^NW

President of the American Whist Leagu. >'s ™*

CECIL EDGAR TILLEY, B.Sc., Pn.D., F.G. ,> * ^f *Lc Lecturer in Petrology, University of Gat^^ ^

CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON. ^a; The t

Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Mi The Wilderness and Cold Harbour.

C. G. DARWIN, M.A..F.R.S. >4gy, Was

Tait Professor of Philosophy in the VI n Lecturer, Christ's College, Cambridge.

C. B. GOULDEN, M.A., M.CH., M.D., F.I Specialist in Ophthalmology, London V London Ophthalmic Hospital. |

CARLTON HUNTLEY HAYES, AIM., Pn.p J Professor of History in Columbia Univdi ican Historical Association.! t I

Wisconsin, University of. Whist.

s (in part). 'owandZeeman Effect.

Author

or Sight (in part). o Amer- Uictor (,'„ farf)f

C. H. W.

C. J. C. K. W.

C. L. K.

C.L.S. C. Mi.

C. M. Kn. C. M. L.

C. Mn. C. Ra. C. R. B.

C. R. Bl. C. R. Fi.

C. Sey.

C. W. Ro.

D. C. B.

D. C. S.

D. C. So. deBr. D. F. T.

D. G. H. D.Hu.

•Vienna, Congrats

•Whittington,

f f

Coundl>

INITIALS AND NAMES OF CONTRIBUT

CAMILLA H. WEDGWOOD, B.A.

Department of Anthropology, Sydney University, N.S.W. Formerly Lecturer Sociology, Bedford College, London.

CHARLES JAMES.

Professor of Chemistry, New Hampshire University, Durham, Nfew Hampshire.

CHARLES KINGSLEY WEBSTER, M.A., Lirr.D.

Wilson Professor of International Politics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth. Pro- fessor of Modern History, Liverpool University, 1914-22, Secretary, Military sec- tion, British Delegation, Conference of Paris, 1918-9. Author of British Diplomacy, 1813-5; The Congress of Vienna, 1814-5. Contributor to the Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy.

CHARLES LETHBRIDGE KINGSFORD, M.A., F.R.HiST.S., F.S.A.

Assistant Secretary, Board of Education, 1905-12. Sometime member of the staff of Dictionary of National Biography. Ford Lecturer in English History, University of Oxford, 1923-4, Author ol Life of Henry V. Editor of Chronicles of London and Stow 'a Survey of London.

CORNELIUS L. SHEAR, PH.D.

Principal Pathologist in Charge, Office of Mycology and Disease Survey, Bureau of fVine (in part)* Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture.

CARL THEODOR MIRBT, D.Tn.

Formerly Professor of Church History in the University of Marburg. Author Publizistik im Zcitalter Gregor VII., Qucllen sur Geschichte des Papstthums; etc.

C. M. KNOWLES, LL.B. ) Workmen's CompeijAdfe

Barrister-at-law. Assistant Legal Adviser, Home Office, London. ) (in part). ^: •.

CHARLES MOSTYN LLOYD, M.A. "] i *

Barristcr-at-law. Lecturer and Head of the Department of Social Service and [\ Administration in the London School of Economics, University of London. Assistant f Editor of The New Statesman. J

CHRYSTAL MACMILLAN, M.A., B.Sc.

Barrister-at-law, Middle Temple. CORNEUA M. RAYMOND, A.B.

Director, Bureau of Publication, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie.

CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT., F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S.

Professor of History, University of Birmingham. Late Fellow of Merton and Uni- versity Lecturer in History and Geography, Oxford. Formerly on Council of Royal Geographical Society and of Hakluyt and African Societies, and a member of the Ho,usc of Laymen. Member of Advisory Committees of British Labour Party for International Affairs and for Education. Member of Executive of Birmingham Labour Party. Author of History of Russia; Nineteenth Century Europe.

CARLETON R. BALL, M.S., D.Sc. 1

Principal Agronomist in Charge, Office of Cereal Crops and Diseases, Bureau of f Wheat (in part). Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. J

CARL RUSSELL FISH, M.A., Pn.D. ]

Professor of American History in the University of Wisconsin. Author of Develop- > Wisconsin.

mcnt of American Nationality; American Diplomacy; etc. J

CHARLES SEYMOUR, PH.D., LITT.D,, LL.D. T

Provost and Sterling Professor of History, Yale University. Author of Electoral Re- I Washington Conference; form in England and Wales; The Diplomatic Background of the War; The Intimate f Wilson, Thomas T"~ " Papers of Colonel House; Woodrow Wilson and the World War; etc. J

Workhouse *«VIMW«

[Women, Legal Position of

} (in part).

) Vassar ) vassar

Vespucci, Amerigo; "Zemarchus.

tnn**\ ^/\ Battle of).

MAJOR-GENERAL CHARLES WALTER ROBINSON, C.B., D.C.L. Author of Strategy of the Peninsula War; etc.

DANIEL CARTER BEARD, C.E. t "

Instructor in Animal Drawing, Woman's School of Applied Design, 1893-1900. Chief ..Woodcraft Scout, Department of Woodcraft, Culver (Ind.) Military Academy, organizer and j chief, 1911 5. Author of American Boys Book of Camplore and Woodcraft. ^

REV. CANON DAVID CAPELL SIMPSON, M.A., D.D. ^

Oriel Professor of Interpretation of Holy Scripture, Oxford University. Canon of I Wisdom, Book of J Rochester Cathedral. Fellow of Oriel College. Reader in Semitic Languages and f Wisdom Literature. Old Testament, Manchester College, Oxford. J

DAVID CHURCHILL SOMERVELL, M.A.

Assistant Master, Tonbridge School, Tonbridge, Kent.

Due DE BROGLIE.

Officer of the Legion of Honour. Mernbre de 1'Academie des Sciences, Paris.

DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY, M.A., Mus.Doc. ] ^

Reid Professor of Music in Edinburgh University. Author of Essays in Musical Victoria! Tomxn Analysis, comprising The Classical Concerto, Tlie Goldberg Variations and analyses of f Ludovico da; many other classical works. Editorial Adviser, Music section, I4th Edition, £wcyc/0- Wagner (in podia Britannica. J

DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A., C.M.G., D.LITT. *)

Late Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis, 1889 fXanthus, and 1903; Ephesus, 1904-5; Assiut, 1906-7. Director of the British School at Athens, 1897-1900. Late Director of the Cretan Exploration Fund. J

DARD HUNTER. ^|

Author of many articles on printing, paper-making and water-marking. Author of X Watermarks. Primitive Papermakinz; Old*Paperrnaking; The Literature of fapermaking, 1390-1800.)

) Y J A-

viii INITIALS AND NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS

D. M. S. W. DAviO MEREDITH SHARKS WATSON, M.Sc., F.R.S. "1 . .

r Jodrell Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, University College, London. [Zoological Regions; / Author of many papers on Vertebrate Palaeontology and connected subjects in Pro- 1 Zoology. cccdings of the Zoological Society; Journal of Anatomy; etc. J

D. No. , DAISUKE NOHARA. t Yokohama Specie Bank,

' Manager, Yokohama Specie Bank, Ltd. ) Ltd., The

D. R.-M DAVID RANDALL-MAC!VER, M.A., D.Sc., F.S.A. 1

Curator of Egyptian Department, University of Pennsylvania. Formerly Worcester fVillanovans. Reader in Egyptology, University of Oxford. Author of Mediaeval Rhodesia; etc.J

D. £• F« DAVID THEODORE FYFE, M.A., F.R.I.B.A. 1 Western Asiatic

Lecturer in Architecture, and Director of the University School of Architecture, r A -^u:*— *r!L Cambridge. J Architecture.

D. W, K. DUDLEY W. KNOX. 1

Captain, United States Navy. History Section, Naval Records and Library, Navy /-War of 1812, The. Department, Washington. Author of The Eclipse of American Sea Power. j

E. A. CAPTAIN EDWARD AJLTHAM, C.B., R.N. ")

Secretary and Chief Executive Officer, Royal United Service Institution since 1927. [

Senior Naval Officer, Archangel River Expedition, 1918-9. Secretary and Editor of VWilson, Sir Arthur Knyvet

the Journal of the Royal United Service Institution. Editor of the Naval section, i4th

Edition, Encyclopedia Britannica. J

B. A. A. E. A. ATKINS, M.I.MECH.E. 1 Wire*

Member of the Iron and Steel Institute and the Institute of Welding Engineers. L'ii7:rAlT Director of Research, The Pearson and Knowles and Ryland Bros. Research Labora- [ ^£® Springs

E. A. Al. EDWIN ANDERSON ALDERMAN, LL.D., Pu.B., D.C.L. "1

President, University of Virginia. Author of Southern Idealism; The Spirit of the V Virginia, University of. South; etc. J

E. Bra. Emeu BKANDENBURG. "]

Lecturer in Philosophy and History at the Prussian Akadeniie der Wissenschaften, [-William II. Berlin. J

Ed. M. EDUARD MEYER, D.Lnr.

Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of Gesckichte des

Alterthumt; etc. v *

J Yazdegerd.

E. B. Hu. E. E. HUGHES, M,A. 1 Wai^R fir h

Professor of History, University College of Swansea, Wales. \ WaleS (lh p

E. E. K. E. E. KELLETT. \ Webster

Author of Suggestions, Literary Essays; The Appreciation of Literature. J irwaKM,

E.P. A. E. F. ALBEE. "|

President of the Keith-Albee Circuit, New York. Vice-President, Actors' Fund of > Vaudeville. America. President, Keith-Albee Vaudeville Exchange. J

E. F. H. ELDRED F. HITCHCOCK, C.B.E. ">

Government Wool Statistician. Assistant Director of Raw Materials and formerly >Wool, War Control of. Deputy Director, Wool Textiles, War Office, London. * J

E. F. LA. LIEUT.-COLONEL E. F. LAWSON, D.S.O., M.C.t T.D. . ? vpftmftnrv

General Manager, The Daily Telegraph, London. f leomanry.

E. F, P. ELLEN F, PSNOLETON, A.M., Lirr.D., LL.D. f Welleslcv College

President of Wellcsley College, Member of Jury of Award for American Peace. ) weueslcy College.

E. G. SIR EDMUND GOSSE, M.A., C.B., LLJ3M HON.LITT.D.

Collected Poems; Books on the Table; etc. See the biographical article: GOSSE, SIR EDMUND. J

E. G. EOT. EDWIN G. BORING, A.M., PH.D. i Visceral Sensations

Professor of Psychology, Harvard University. { Visceral Sensations.

E. G. Bow. E. G. BOWEN, M.A. "|

Late Cecil Frosser Post-Graduate Scholar of the University of Wales and author of VWales (in part}. varioua scientific papers. J

E. H. EBUL HATSCHEK, F.I.P. "1

Lecturer on Colloids at the Sir John Cass Technical Institute, London. Editor on Lviscositv behalf of British Association Colloids Committee of a collection of classical papers f •y*

entitled The Foundation of Colloid Chemistry. J

E. Hoi. E. HOLLO WAY, A.M. "|

Professor of English, Adelphi College, Brooklyn, New York. Author of Whitman: An ^Whitman, Walt. Interpretation in Narrative. Editor of Leaves of Crass. )

E. Ja. EDOAB JADWIN, HON.D.E. i Washington

Major-General, Chief of Engineer^ United States Army, Washington. 3 * '

E. J. T, EDWARD J. THOMAS, PH.D. 1 Zend-Avesta (in fiar

Translator, Vedic Hymns. Author of The Life of Buddha as Legend and History. ) *ena Ave5Wl ^m pan

E. L. P. R. ELSA LIWKOWXTSCH, PH.D., B.Sc.(Hons.), A.R.C.S. | Whale OU (in part).

INITIALS AND NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS ix

E. M. G. E. M. GULL, M.A. 1 t f _ ,

Formerly Secretary, Associated British Chambers of Commerce in China and >• Wei-Hai-WeL

Hongkong. J 4

E. M. Ha. E. MURRAY HARVEY. ^ t

Commercial Secretary at Belgrade, 1920-8. Author of Report on Economic Conditions > Yugoslavia (in part).

in Yugoslavia. - J

E. M. He. EDWIN MUSSER HERR, PH.D., D.Sc. \ Westinghouse Electric and

President, Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, New York. J Manufacturing Company.

E. M. Wa. REV. EDWARD M. WALKER, M.A. 1

Pro-Provost of Queen's College, Oxford. Author of Greek History^ Its Problems and >Xenophon. Its Meaning; etc. J

E. N. da C. A. EDWARD NEVILLE DA COSTA ANDRADE, D.Sc., PH.D., F.lNST.P. ]

Ouain Professor of Physics in the University of London. Author of The Structure of I wit-—, r\f**A rttomK** The Atom; Airs; The Atom; etc. Editor of the Physics section, I4th Edition, Encyclo- fwuson Cloua UumDen

p&dia Britannic a. J

E. 0. EDMUND OwrfN, F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.Sc. 1

Formerly Consulting Surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital and to the Children's Hospital, XVenereal Diseases (in part). Great Ormond Street, London. Author of A Manual of Anatomy for Senior Students. J

E. Pu. MONSIGNOR ENRICO Pucci. "I

Domestic Prelate to the Pope; now on the staff of the Corriere d' Italia. Author of ^Vatican, The.

La Pace del Lalerno. j

E. S. R. EDWARD STANLEY ROSCOE. ")

Barristcr-at-law. Official Law Reporter in the Admiralty Court, 1883. Admiralty

Registrar, 1904. Assessor, North Sea enquiry, 1905. Registrar of Prize Court, 1914. r Wreck (in part). Author of Admiralty Law and Practice; The Measure of Damages in Actions of Main-

lime Collision.

1 J

E. V. A. EDWARD VICTOR APPLETON, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. ) Wireless Telegraphy (in

Wheatstone Professor of Physics, King's College, London University. 1 part).

Radiological Research Department, Woolwich. jX-Rays, Nature of (in part),

F. A. B. FRANCIS ARTHUR BATHER, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. 1

Assistant Keeper of Zoology, British Museum, 1924-8. Rolleston Prizeman, Oxford, 1 n^ i • i wr i ^

for research in Biology, 1892. Author of " Echinoderma" in A Treatise on Zoology; pOOJOglcal Nomenclature.

Trias sic Rchinoderms of Bakony; etc. J

F. A. M. W. CAPTAIN F. A. M. WEBSTER. \Walking Races;

Joint-Kditor of The Blue Magazine, London, and writer on athletics. j Weight Throwing.

F. Bl. F. BLUETHGEN. ) Vereinigte Glanzstoff-

Director of the Vereinigte GlanzstofT-Fabriken A. G. J Fabriken A. G.

F. Bu. FRED BULLOCK, LL.D., F.C.I.S. ^)

Of Gray's Inn, Barrister-at-law. Secretary and Registrar, Royal College of Veterinary LV^*^I..— . e-* /• ^ ^

Surgeons. Author of Handbook of Veterinary Surgeons; Law Relating to Medical, f vcwnn«y odence (tn part).

Dental, and Veterinary Practice. J

F. C. Ba. FREDERICK CHARLES BARTLETT, M.A. "|

University Reader in Experimental Psychology, and Director of the Psychological ^Vision (in part). Laboratory, Cambridge. J

F. G. H. T. FRANCIS G. H. TATE, F.C.S. { w. . . ..... .

First Class Chemist, Government Laboratory, London. J wmsKy or WHiSKey,

F. G. M. B. FREDERICK GEORGE MEESON BECK, M.A. ) ,«

Formerly Fellow and Lecturer in Classics, Clare College, Cambridge. J wesse*-

F. G. P. FREDERICK GYMKR PARSONS, F.R.C.S., F.S.A. "j

Professor of Anatomy, University of London. President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Lecturer on Anatomy at St. Thomas' Hospital and the ?• Veins. London School of Medicine for Women. Formerly Hunterian Professor at Royal College of Surgeons. J

F. H. FRED HORNER. ^

Consulting Engineer. Contributor to The Times Engineering Supplement; Engineer- V Wood-working Machinery. ing; Machinery. J

F. Kei. " FRANK KEIPER, M.A., M.E., LL.B. ]

Patent Attorney. Inventor of the roller interlock used on all voting machines. L Lecturer on inventions and patents. Author of Pioneer Inventions and Pioneer \ Patents. J

F. M. S. F. M. STENTON. ~\

Professor of History, University of Reading. Editor of the History (Mediaeval) sec- >Witan or Witenagemot

tion, 1 4th Edition, Encyclopedia Britannica. J

F. M. Su. FRANK MACY SURFACE, M.A., PH.D. ' ^

Assistant Director in Charge of Domestic Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domes- 1 War Control of Food (in tic Commerce, Washington. Author of American Pork Production During, the World \ part). War; The Grain Trade During the World War. J

F. N. F. FRANK N. FREEMAN, M.A., PH.D. ^

Professor of Educational Psychology, University of Chicago. Author of The Teaching >Vteual Education. of Handwriting; Visual Education; Mental Tests; etc. J

x INITIALS AND NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS

F. N. M. COLONEL FREDERIC NATUSCH MAUDE, C.B., R.E. "I

Author of Cavalry: Its Past and Future; Evolution of Strategy; War and the World's x Life; Campaign of Leipzig; of Jena; of Vim and many other technical essays. J

P. R. C. FRANK RICHARDSON CANA, F.R.G.S. i

Editorial Staff, Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903-11 and 1914-5. Staff of The Times, I ^ wi AIII London, since 1916. Author of South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union; 77/£ f ~amD®21> Great War in Europe; The Peace Settlement. Zanzibar;

J Zululand (in part).

F. T. H. F. T. HARVEY, F.R.C.V.S. } Veterinary Science

Kxaminer in Veterinary Medicine to the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. ( (/;; part).

F.'T. M. SIR FRANK THOMAS MARZIALS, K.C.B. ) Zola, Emile Edourd Charles

Accountant General of the Army, 1898-1904. Editor of "Great Writers" series. ( Antoine.

F. W. MAJOR-GENERAL SIR FABIAN WARE, K.C.V.O., K.B.E.. C.B., C.M.G. |

Formerly Director-General of Graves Registration ana Enquiries. Permanent Vice- f War Graves. Chairman, Imperial War Graves Commission. J

F. W. Ta. F. WILBUR TANNER, M.S., Pn.D. ]

Professor of Bacteriology, also Head of the Department of Bacteriology, University f Yeast, of Illinois. Author of Bacteriology and Mycology of Foods. J

G. A. C. REV. GEORGE ALBERT COOKE, D.D. ""I

Regius Professor of Hebrew and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. Formerly Oriel ^Zenobia (in part). Professor of the Interpretation of the Scripture, Oxford, and Canon of Rochester.;

G. B. GAMALIEL BRADFORD, Lirr.D. \ m^^^r r^Q »tt1

Author of Damaged Souls; Darwin; See the American; etc. ' ( weDSier> ^anieL

G. B. B. GEORGE BARR BAKER. ]

Chairman of The Central Press Association, New York. Formerly Director of Amer- lTi7ar Relief Wnrlr ican Relief Administration, and Member, Executive Committee,. Commission for f -R-eiiei wont. Relief in Belgium. J

G. C. H. GEORGE CHARLES HUSMANN. ) v. /. *

Specialist in Viticulture, United States Department of Agriculture. \ vine ^m ran>*

G. C. R. GUY COLWIN ROBSON, M.A. ) Whelk

Assistant Keeper in the Department of Zoology, British Museum. \

G. D. H. C. GEORGE DOUGLAS HOWARD COLE. 1

University Reader in Economics, Oxford. Author of The Payment of Wages; Self- ^Wage-Systems in Industry. Government in Industry; Guild Socialism Restated; etc. J

G. F. Z. GEORGE FREDERICK ZIMMER, A.M.lNsr.C.E. 1 Wazon Tionl

Consulting Engineer and Joint -Editor of Engineering and Industrial Management. ) ** ippiers.

G. G. A. MAJOR-GENERAL SIR GEORGE G. ASTON, K.C.B. "1

Lecturer on Naval History, University College, I -ondon. Irormerly Professor of Forti- I Vi. /• . .^ iication at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. Author of Sea, Land and A ir f I "s051*™ (lfl Pan)> Strategy; Memories of a Marine; The Navy of To-day. Editor of The Study of War.}

G. Go. GERALD GOULD, B.A. ^

Associate Editor of The Daily Herald, 1919-22. Fellow of University College, London, >Wells, Herbert George. 1906, and Merton College, Oxford, 1909-16. J

G. G. W. GEORGE GRAFTON WILSON, PH.D., LL.D. ^

Professor of International Law, Harvard University. Author of International Laiv >Visit and Search (in part). Situations and Topics; Hague Arbitration Cases; etc. J

G. H. G. G. H. GUTTERIDGE, M.A. ]

Professor of History at Berkeley, California. Author of The Colonial Policy of Wil- \ whia nnH TWt Ham II I. in America am I the West Indies (Choate Memorial Prize Essay); Life of f w m^ ana lory* David Hartley t the American Patriot. J

G. H. W. GEORGE H. WARBURTON. ^

Editor of the Sixth Edition of Oils, Fats and Waxes by E. Lewkowitsch and C'hief V Whale Oil (in part). Chemist of the Lewkowitsch Laboratories. J

G. Kr. GUSTAV KRAEMER. "I Vereinigte Industrie-

Of the Vereinigte Industrie-Unternehmungen Aktiengcscllschaft. >• Unternehmungen

J Aktiengesellschaft.

G. McL. Wo. GEORGE MCLANE WOOD. ]

Editor, United States Geological Survey, Washington. Secretary, Chesapeake and I v « i /• +. \ Potomac Telephone Company. Author of Texts for United States Geological Survey [ venezuela (™ part)-

' and press notices. J

G. M. McB. GEORGE M. McBniDE/B.A., PH.D. ^)v . .,. -

University of (California at Los Angeles, Calif. Author of Agrarian Indian Com- Wir eZ?6i? V*far')>' munities of Highland Bolivia. J West Indies (in part) .

G. P. E. GEORGE PEARSE ENNIS. ~\

Member, American Water Color Society, Guild of American Painters, Society of rWater-ColoUT Painting. Painters, etc. Director and Secretary, Grand Central School of Art, New York. J

G. T, M. GILBERT T. MORGAN, O.B.E., F.I.C., D.Sc., F.R.S. "]

Director, Chemical Research Laboratory, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Formerly Mason Professor of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, I 75 * Professor in the Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Royal College of Science for Ireland r^^co^unL and Professor of Applied Chemistry, Technical College, Finsbury. Editor of the Chemistry section, I4th Edition, Encyclopedia Britannica. J

G. W, T. REV. GRIFFITHS WHEELER THATCHER, M.A., B.D. } Waqidi;

Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old >Ya'qfcbI* Testament' History at Mansfield College, Oxford. ,. J 2xiliir.

INITIALS AND NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS x

H. C. HUGH CmSHOLM, M.A. 1 WflltPr Tnhn (in tarti

Editor of the nth and I2th Editions of The Encyclopedia Britannica. \ wairer> Jonn V"» P&n).

H. C. L. H. C. LONG, B.Sc. "] Vetch Y™ toir/) •

Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, London. Author of Common Weeds of the Farm r«ri_ f / • *\ f\ and Garden; Plants Poisonous to Livestock; Poisonous Plants on the Farm. J wneat \in P<*ri).

H. C. Sc. HENRY C. SCHNEIDER, M.E. (Windmills and Wind Power

Charge of Windmill Department, Morse and Company, Chicago, 111. ) (in part).

H. De. REV. HIPPOLYTE DELEHAYE, S.J. I Vitus St

Joint-Editor of the Bollandist publication, Ada Sanctorum. ) '

H. E. C. H. E. Cox, M.Sc., PH.D., F.I.C. )

Public Analyst for the Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead, London. (

H. F. HELENA FRANK. ) Yiddish Language and

Translator from the Yiddish of Stories and Pictures by Perez; Yiddish Talcs; etc. J Literature (in part).

H. F. Br. HORATIO ROBERT FORBES BROWN, LL.D. ]

Editor of the Calendar of Venetian State Papers for the Public Record Office. Author > Venice (/;/ part). of Life on^the Lagoons; Venetian Studies; John Addington Symonds, A Biography; etc. J

H. F. By. HARRY FLOOD BYRD. ) Virginia

Governor of Virginia. ) guua.

H. H. C. SIR H. HARDINGE CUNYNGHAME, K.C.B., M.A. ^

Harrister-at-law. Assistant Under-Secretary, Home Office, 1894-1913. Vice-Prcsi- V Watches (•/// part). dent, Institution of Electrical Engineers. J

H. He. HALLDOR HERMANN SSON. "]

Professor of Scandinavian Languages and Curator of the Fiske Icelandic Collection, I T Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Author of numerous works on Icelandic Literature f and History. J

H. H. G. HERBERT H. GRIMVVOOD. ) Wood-Carvin* (in

Principal, School of Wooclcarving, South Kensington. ) * ^

H. H. L. B. HUGH HALE LEIGH BELLOT, M.A., D.C.L. ]

Late Associe de 1'lnstitut de Droit International, Hon. Secretary, International Luvv yjg:* an(4 Search (in Association, and Grotius Society, Acting Professor of Constitutional Law, University fw f T .^ , y of London and Secretary of the Laws of War Committee. Author of Commerce in wat^rS, lemtonai. War; The Pharmacy Acts; Permanent Court of International Justice. J

H. J. F. G. H. J. F. GOURLEY, M.ENG., M.lNST.C.K., F.G.S. ] w t SUDDIV

Director of Sir Alexander Btnnie Son and Deacon, Water Engineers. j ouppiy.

H. Jn. HENRY JACKSON, O.M., Lrrr.D., F.B.A. ]

Late Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge. Fellow of Trinity ( Xenocrates, of Chalcedon College. Author of Texts to Illustrate the History of Greek Philosophy from Thales to [ (in part). A rist-otle. J

H. J. R. HERBERT JENNINGS ROSE, M.A.

Professor of Greek, University of St. Andrews, Fife. Fellow and Lecturer of Exeter College, Oxford, 1907-11. Associate Professor of Classics, McGill University, 1911-5. Lyesta Professor of Latin, University. College of Wales, Aberystwyth, 1919-27. Author of ' The Roman Questions of Plutarch; Primitive Culture in Greece; Primilwf Culture in Italy; A Handbook of Greek Mythology.

H. La. HERBERT LAPWORTII, D.Sc., M.lNST.C.E., F.G.S.

President of the Institute of Water Engineers; Chartered Civil Engineer.

H. L. J. HENRY LEWIS JONES, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., M.R.C.S. ]

Formerly Medical Officer in Charge of the Electrical Department and Clinical Lee- 1 v j turcr on Medical Electricity at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London. Author of f Medical Electricity; etc. J

H. L. St. HERBERT L. STONE. ]

Editor of Yachting, New York. Author of The America's Cup Races; The Yachtsman's ^Yachting (/;/ part). Handbook. J

H. Lu. HERMANN LUTZ. ' "|

German political and historical writer. Author of Der Weg zum Kriege; Lord Grey f War Guilt (///• part), und der Weltkrieg. J

H. M. S. HERBERT MARTIN SNOW, M.V.O. ) Wagons-Lit, Compagnie

Agent-General, Cie dcs Wagons-Lits. ) Internationale des.

H. M. V. HERBERT M. VAUGHAN, F.S.A. ^|

Late of Keble College, Oxford. Author of The Last of the Royal Stuarts; The Medici xWales (in part). Popes; etc. J

H.N. H. NISBET, F.T.I. Ivelveteen-

Textile Technologist and Consultant. Author of Grammar of Textile Design. J V fta

H. No. HIDEYO NOGUCHI, M.D. 1

Japanese Bacteriologist. Discoverer of parasite of yellow fever (1918). See the r Yellow Fever. biographical article: NOGUCHI, HIDKYO. J

H. Sp. HOWARD SPENCE. } Walnut

Managing Director, Peter Spence & Sons, Ltd., Manchester Alum Works. f

H. T. P. H. T. PARSON. J Wonlworth Co P W

President, F. W. Woolworth Company, New York. } wooiwortn UO., *. W.

H. W. C. IX HENRY WILLIAM CARLESS DAVIS, M.A. ] Wace Robert'

Late, Director, Dictionary of National Biography, Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Walter nf Tnvintrv Oxford, and Regius Professor of Modern History. Fellow of All Souls, Oxford, 1895- fwmiam L;

I9°2' J William of'Newburgh.

xii INITIALS AND NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS

H. W. Ga. HEATHCOTE WILLIAM GARROD, C.B.E., M.A., F.R.L.S. "]

Professor of Poetry, Oxford University, and Fellow of Merton College. Author of >• Wordsworth, William.

Wordsworth. J

H. W. R. REV. HENRY WHEELER ROBINSON, M.A., D.D. ]

Principal of Regent's Park College, London. Professor of Church History and the l7echariflh Philosophy of Religion, Rawdon College, Leeds, 1906-20. Author of Hebrew Psy- r^ecnanan' chology in Relation to Pauline Anthropology (in Mansfield College Essays); etc. J

H. W. V. T. HAROLD WILLIAM VA/EILLK TEMPERLEY, O.B.E., M.A., LITT.D., F.B.A. "I

University Reader in Modern History and Fellow of Peterhouse, Cambridge. Military I v^i-caiHae TV frr f Adviser at the Peace Conference, Paris, 1919. Edited, A History of the Peace Con- f versauies» Dreary Oi. ference of Paris (Vols. I. to VI. ). J

I. A. R. IRMA A. RICHIE R. ) Vivarini;

Artist and writer. j Zurbaran, Francisco de.

I. H. H. IDA HUSTED HARPER. j

Author of Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony. Joint-Author of History of Women's r Women's Suffrage (in part}. Suffrage. J

I. J. C. ISAAC JOSLIN Cox, A.B., PH.D. 1

Professor of History, Northwestern University, Evanston, 111. Author of Nicaragua ^Wilkinson, James.

and the United States; etc. J

J. A. St J. A. STRAHAN, LL.D. ]

Barrister-at-Law. Emeritus Professor of Jurisprudence, University of Belfast. LWJII /*«. T^o4-««, * /• ^ A Reader of Equity, Inns of Court, London. Author of The Bench and Bar of England; f WIU or lestament V* Pa")- etc. J

J. B. P. J. B. PEARMAN. 1

Secretary of the Avi Publishing Company, Incorporated, New York. Author of Heel [-Wrestling (in part), and Toe Walking. J

J. D. Be. J. D. BERNAL, M.A. ? X-Rays and Crystal

Lecturer in Structural Crystallography, Cambridge. j Structure. x

J. E. E. BRIGADIER-GENERAL SIR T. E. EDMONDS, C.B., C.M.G., F.R.G.S. ] World ^ar //,. Mrt\ .

Officer in charge of Military Branch, Historical section, Criminal Investigation De- Lvr^e TV,^ i«^i i partment, London. Serve<l in South African and European Wars. Author of Official f *Pres» i™/1*™68 ol» History of the War; etc. J YPres» Battles of, 1915.

J. E. L. J. E. LLOYD, M.A., D.Lnr. "]

Professor of History, University College of North Wales, Bangor. Author of A His- l-a/oW (•" • * i\ lory of Wales to the Edwardian Conquest. Editor of Hubert Lewis's Ancient Laws of f Yvaies **" Pllrl> Wales. J

J. E. Ta. TAMES EDWARD TAUSSIG. j w«u«*,u T>«-I, r\ «

President, Wabash Railway Company and also of the Ann Arbor Railroad Company, f WaDas* Railway Company.

J. F.-K. JAMES FITZMAURICE-KELLY, LITT.D F.R.HiST.S. Wega Carpio, Lope Felix de

Late Gilmour Professor of Spanish Language and Literature, University of Liver- >- /*• h fx pool. Author of a History oj Spanish Literature. J v ?"•">•

J. F. W. JOHN FORBKS WHITK, M.X', LL.D. 1 Velazquez (in part)

Joint-Author of Life and Art of G. P. Chalmers, R.S.A. \ veiazquez (in pa i>.

J. Gal. JKAN GALLOTTI. 1 . .

Inspecteur dcs Arts Indigenes au Maroc. Charge du cours d'histoire de Tart Musul- >Wood-Carving (/;/ part). man a la Facult6 des Lettres de Bordeaux. J

J. G. K. JOHN GRAHAM KERR, M.A., F.R.S. 1 Vertebrata'

Regius Professor of Zoology, University of Glasgow. Author of Primer of Zoology; > vertebrate Embryology. Textbook of Embryology; etc. J J aj"

J. G. R. JOHN GEORGE ROBERTSON, M.A., PH.D. ]

Professor of German Language and Literature, University of London, Director of l^jeland Christoph Martin. the Department of Scandinavian Studies. Author of History of German Literature; ( '

Schiller After a Century; etc. J

J. H. JOHN HILTON. } Wage Statistics: Internation-

Director of Statistics, Ministry of Labour, London. ) al Comparisons (in part).

J. Har. JIRO HARADA. ]

Of the Imperial Household Museums, Japan. Formerly Professor in the Nagoya

College of Technology, and in the 8th Higher School. Imperial Japanese Government ?-Wood-Carving (in part). Commissioner to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco, 1915. Author of The Gardens of Japan. J

J. H. Mi. JOHN HENRY MIDDLETON, M.A., LITT.D., F.S.A., D.C.L. " ]

Sometime Slade Professor of Fine Art, Cambridge, and Art Director of the South I Verona (in part); Kensington Museum. Author of The Engraved Gems oj Classical Times; Illuminated [Wren, Sir Christopher. Manuscripts in Classical and Mediaeval Times. }

J. H. P. SIR J. HERBERT PARSONS, C.B.E., M.B., HoN.D.Sc., F R.C.S., F.R.S. ]

Surgeon. Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital. Ophthalmic Surgeon, University 1 vicmn /\r QiaHt (in College Hospital; Member of Medical Research Council. Fellow of University Col- f vlslon or ai«ni vwl lege, London. Author bf The Pathology of the Eye; etc. J

J. I. H. JOHN I. HARDY. \ w . ,. . t}

Senior Animal Fiber Technologist, United States Department of Agriculture. } v v"*t-

J. L. G. JAMKS LOTTIS GARVIN, Lixx.D. I w«r

Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia BriKinnica. Editor of The Observer. London, ( War

J. L. W. ^^J^-^^m(l_ , \ Wolfram von Eschenbach.

INITIALS AND NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS xiii

J. M. Ca. JAMES MORTON CALLAHAN, A.M., PH.D. *]

Head of Department of History and Political Science and Dean, West Virginia Uni- VWest Virginia. versity. Author of History of West Virginia; The South in the Making of the Nation.)

J. M. F. R. J. M. F. ROMEIN. ) Vistula

Member of the Transit Section of the League of Nations, Geneva. > *

J.M.La. J. M. LANDIS, A.B., LL.B., S.J.D. l^^r^L^i 'r . M

Professor of Legislation, Harvard Law School. \™ Of Testament (in part) ;

' J Writ (in part).

J. O. LIKU TENANT-COLONEL JOSIAH OLDFIELD, M.D., F.R.S.M., D.C.L. ^

Warden of and Senior Physician to the Lady Margaret Fruitarian Hospital, Sitting- > Vegetarianism. bourne. Author of Diet in Rheumatism; Flesh-Eating a Cause of Consumption. }

J. O. B. JOHN OLIVER BORLKY, O.B.E., M.A., F.L.S. ) Whale FishpriRR

Discovery Committee, Colonial Cilice, London. J wnaie *lsnenes-

J. P. JOHN PERCIVAL, M.A., Sc.D. "]

Professor of Agricultural Botany, University of Reading. Author of The Wheat > Wheat (in part). Plant; etc. J

J. P.-B. JAMES GEORGE JOSEPH PENDEREL-BKODHURST. 1 Vernis Martin

Consulting Editor of The Guardian, London, formerly Editor. j '

J. R. B. J. R. BOND, M.B.E., M.Sc, N.D.A. ^ v t h , . } .

Agricultural Organiser for Derbyshire. Contributor to the Journal of the Ministry of }-w, . v, . ^ '( Agriculture. J wneai V* Part)-

J. R. Co. JOHN ROGERS COMMONS, A.M., LL.D. -] waffes. statistics of United

Professor of Economics, University of Wisconsin. Author of Legal Foundations of - ' oiausacs OI un»Wa

Capitalism; History of Labor in the United States (with associates) ; etc.

J. S. SIR JOSIAH STAMP, G.B.E., D.Sc., LL.D., F.B.A.

Chairman and President of the Executive, London, Midland and Scottish Railway. Director of the Bank of England. Member of the British Royal Commission on Income Tax, 1919; of the Committee on Taxation and National Debt, 1924. British Representative on the Reparation Commission's Committee on German Currency and Finance, 1924, and Member of the Committee of Experts, Paris, 1929. Author of Wealth and Income of the Chief Powers; Wealth and Taxable Capacity.

J. Sw. JOSEPH SWIRE, F.R.G.S. ^ 1 William;

Wealth, National; -Wealth and Income, Distribution of.

Member of the Institute of International Affairs, and a Member of the Balkan /-„ A,-

Committee. J Zo«u> Ahmed.

J. Te. REV. JOHN TELFORD, B.A. ]

Wesleyan Methodist Connexional Editor since 1905. Editor of Wesleyan Methodist [Wesley (Family); Magazine, Preacher's Magazine; etc. Author of Life of John Wesley; Wesley's Chapel [Wesley, John. and Wesley's House; Portraits and Sayings of Charles Wesley. J

J. V. B. JAMES VERNON BARTLET, M.A., D.D. 1

Professor Emeritus of Church History, Mansfield College, Oxford. Author of The i-Vinet, Alexandra Rodolphe.

Apostolic Age. j

J. V. D. LlF.UTENANT-COLONEL J. V. DKLAHAYE, D.S.O., M.C.(retircd). 1

C. R. A. North Russian Expedition, 1919. British Military Representative, Baltic i-Woolwich (in part). States, 1920. Staff College, 1921-2; General Staff, War Office, 1925-8. J

J. Wil. JAMES WILLIAMS, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D. ' ]

Barrister-at-law, UncoJn's Inn. Formerly All Souls Reader in Roman Law, VJni- I -nr-i, T f f

versity of Oxford, and Fellow of Lincoln College. Author of Law of the Universities; f nm or iesiaraeni Wills and Succession; etc. J

K. G. KARL FRIEDRICH GELDNER. ( Zend-Avestfl a,, hart\

Emeritus Professor of Indian Philology, University of Marburg, Germany. £*ena /wesia yn pan).

K. G. J. KINGSLEY GARLAND.JAYNE. j

Sometime Scholar of Wadham College, Oxford. Matthew Arnold Prizeman, 1903. >Xavier.

Author of Vasco da Gama and His $iu;ces$ors. - J

L. A. T. LAURENCE A. TURNER, F.S.A., HoN.A.R.I.B.A. ]

Past Master, Art Workers' Guild. Past President* Master Carvers' Association. >Wood-Carving (in part).

Author of Decorative Plaster Work in Great Britain. J

L. C. L. LIONEL CHARLES LIDDELL, M.V.O. "1

Sometime British Consul at Lyons and Copenhagen, successively Secretary of the I War Trade Advisory

Restriction of Enemy Supplies Committee, and the Grand Committee on Trade in | Committee.

the War, 1914-8. J

Vickers, Limited;

L. C. M. SIR LEO CHIOZZA MONEY, F.R.STAT.S., K.K.G.S.

Author and Journalist. Member of the War Trade Advisory Committee, 1915-8. Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Shipping, 1916-8. Chairman of the Ton- nage Priority Committee, 1917-8. Editor of the Economics, Engineering and Indus- tries section, I4th Edition, Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Wall Paper Manufacturers,

Ltd.;

•Westminster Bank, Ltd.; White Star Line; Yorkshire Electric Power

Company.

L. G. B. LOTTIE G. BISHOP. ....... {Yale University.

Executive Secretary, Yale University. ) *

L. J. S. L. J. SPENCER, M.A., Sc.D., F.G.S., F.R.S. } Witherite-

Keeper of the Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, South Kensing- V woii« gtonite • ton. Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. f«A/vl., " ' Editor of the MineralogicaL