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i

VACCINATION

IN 1810.

Price 2 s. Qd.

PREFACE.

RESIDING * at a distance from the princi-
pal Theatre of Action, I had, for the first
five years of the practice, no particular in-
ducement to inquire into the rationale of
Vaccination. Not supoosing it possible, that
so much fanaticism and dishonesty could
exist among the Members of a learned and
honourable Profession, 1 was disposed, in so
far as my attention was at all called to the
subject, to yield a belief, on their united autho-
rity, to the Doctrines, which they so zealously
and dogmatically promulgated. Even some
time after my return to England, my mind
remained under a degree of bias in favour of

* From 1798 to 1803. See my Excursion in France, and oth
part* of the Continent of Europe, &c. Longman and Co. 1804.

vi

the Practice. And it was not until 1 80 7 that,
led by my connection with Medical literature,
in this Metropolis, to enter into a stricter in-
vestigation of its merits, I found that those
were right, who had represented the Cow-
pox experiment as a splendid delusion. Since
that period, I have taken some pains to col-
lect and arrange facts, which, combined with
the labours of others, will, I trust, contri-
bute to set at rest this question, which has
agitated the Medical world for twelve years.

After what I have declared, it will not be
suspected that any reproachful language,
which I may have occasion to use towards
the Yaccinators, can be meant to apply to any
of those respectable and benevolent Members
of the Community, who, misled, like myself,
by false reports, conceived they were doing
good by granting their support to the Experi-
ment. These reproaches are exclusively di-
rected to the Medical Traders, who have
made a job of the Philanthrophy ; and to

Vll

those obstinate Practitioners, who, because
thej have once been in error, according to
their notions of consistency, deem it incum-
bent on them to remain always in error*.

In this Letter I have endeavoured to give a
succinct account of the origin and progress of
Vaccination, and of the firm, and rational,
and successful opposition, which has been
made to it in this country.

Here we shall see phenomena that are
unprecedented in history :_A national reward

* There is one gentleman among those, who practice Vaccina,
tion, knowing it to be wrong, whose situation I sincerely com-
miserate. Mr. Wachsell, of the Small-pox Hospital, Pancras,
has vaccinated more persons than any other individual, has con-
sequently seen numerous cases of failures and mischiefs, and is
perfectly convinced of the incfficacy of Cow-pox, as a permanent
preventive of the Small-pox. But he must, contrary to his con-
viction, continue the practice, if ordered by the superior Officer*
of the Establishment so to do; or forfeit his place. At this
Hosptal, during the height of the mania, the women, who came
to get their children inoculated, were classed by the faculty into

«u» and ^ foolish » according as they gave the

preference to the Cow-pox, or the Small-pox. Notwithstanding
flattering distinction, the number of « wise women" were
da.ly dlminishing, until at last scarcely any was to to be found.

Are there no wise women at all among you!" exclaimed the
enraged Vaccinator, when he could get no one to accept of his

Vlll

of 30,000 1, granted to an obscure apothe-
cary, for a pretended discovery, which proves
to be a curse, instead of a blessing, to
society:— The public, concurring with the
faculty, in forming establishments for the
gratuitous introduction, among the poor, of a
practice that, from reasoning a {trior i, was
evidently irrational, and, from the evidence
of facts, posterity will regard as the oftftro-
Irium medicorum of the nineteenth century :
—The poet*, the statuary f, and the pain-
ter X , vying with each other in doing honour
to the wonderful discoverer :— The privilege
of sending letters, postage free, conferred on a
society, which took his name § : — Busts of
him in every corner -.—Implements, from the
decorated snuff-box down to the meanest uten-
sil, bearing his effigies -.-Almost deified by his
followers, and a great proportion of the com -
munity :-The honour of knighthood offered

-Vi^^rTG^d News fro^The Farm. Carey's Pleasures

of Nature.

+ Manning. t Robinson.

§ Vide Medical Observer, vol. iv. p. 24, 162.

ix

to be conferred on him, but slighted probably
as inadequate to his pretensions * Elected
an honorary Member of foreign learned Insti-
tutions, and of the College of Physicians of
London, in violation of their own laws, if not
of the law of the land.

In a very few years how reversed the pic-
ture ! This same man is seen hiding himself
from the world, — a voluntary exile from the
scene of his now expiring imposture.

How different is the situation, and how dif-
ferent must be the feelings, of the antagonist
and destroyer of t^iis hydra, after having
fearlessly opposed an universal mania, almost
alone. Looking with complacency at the
return of his friends, whom in the fury of
the storm zeal had for a moment alienated,
to thank him for his noble perseverance irt
the cause of truth and science, not only at
the risk of connections and emolument, but

— *..-..

* Vide Medical Observer, vol. iv. p. 2f?.

of reputation, and even of life*; Dr. iMoseley
will have the solid satisfaction to reflect that
by a successful contest of twelve years,
he has acquired the distinguished appellation
of a benefactor of mankind. After having
combated, and overthrown, the most gi-
gantic and pernicious imposture that ever
obscured the Medical horizon, it is he
who may with truth exclaim : " exegi
monumentum cere jierenniusr And if the
gratitude of an undeceived public should at
length contribute to load him with honours
and rewards ; rt they will wear well ; for
% they have been dearly earned."

C. M.

Londqn, August, 1810.

* It is almost impossible for any one, who has not been a little
behind the scones, to believe the base, dastardly, and abominable
artifices used by the vaccinator against the opponents ol their
.clarions experiment Moral assassination was a weapon of pro-
pagandiam. c , Lte familiar to the low tools of the Jennenan tnbe.

LETTER

TO

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

RICHARD RIDER,

8$c. §c.

-=Mllllllll!Oll!ItH!ll«*-

SIR,

WITHIN these few days, I have perused a document,
designated a " Report from the National Vaccine Esta-
blishment," addressed to you, and signed by Sir Lucas
Pepys, as president ; of which, had it not been printed
by order of the House of Commons, I should have dis-
believed the authenticity.

The audacious misrepresentations and gross falsehoods,
, contained in that paper, and the total disregard to individual
or collective reputation shewn by the reporters, in this
desperate attempt to procure, by fraud, a continuance of
the support of Government to the stale imposture of
vaccination, might well excite surprise, if indeed any
thing could now surprise, in which Sir Lucas Pepys, and
the cow-pox establishments, are concerned.

To expose the artifices, and detect the frauds,

B

by which the government and the public are here
officially and wilfully deluded into the farther support of
a practice, which facts of daily occurrence, have for
years proved to be not only inefficient for its professed
object, but absolutely pernicious to the human frame, is
equally the affair of every man. But I have also a farther
motive for engaging in the task. A s one of the oppo-
nents of the imposture, whom the framers of these re-
ports have presumed to calumniate, I feel it due to my
own character, to hurl back their accusations on the
heads of the reporters ; and in doing this, I have to re-
gret that the chief of their board should have rendered
himself so little worthy of personal consideration.

His demonstrated incapacity, as physician-general ter
the army * ; his own undisguised confession, or rather
solemn declaration, of professional ignorancef ; his gross
prevarications at the bar of the House of Commons;}; ;
and thfe uncontradicted charge of wilful and deliberate
falsehood, published against him by one of his late col-
leagues at the army medical board § ; (not to speak at

* Vide the 5th Report of the Commissioners of Military Inquiry,-
p. 81, 82. My analytical View of the Medical Department of the
British Army, P- 1*, The Medical Observer, passim, &c. &c.
t Vide his official Letter to the Secretary at War, Med. Obs. voi.

vii. p. 382 " I hereby solemnly declare myself incapable,'1 &c.

+ Vide his several examinations at the bar of the House of Com-
mons, Med. Obs. vol. vii. pp. 283 and 385, &c.

§ Mr. Keate, in a correspondence with Sir Lucas, accuses him of
having amused himself and Mr. Knight with different stories ; and,
upon his evading to give any explanation of his conduct, thus threat-
ens him with an exposure: ff After this treatment from you, I think

7

•present of other degradations J ; are personal calamities,
which, had they rendered him incapable of doing farther
mischief to the public, would have disarmed every gene-
rous adversary, converting his indignation into pity, and
his resentment into compassion.

Divested of the power derived from the adventitious
influence of office, of misleading or injuring the commu-
nity, he would, from personal character alone, have been
an object unworthy of public reprehension ; and might
have retired to Leatherhead *, or sunk into the tomb,
without farther animadversion or notice.

But under this overwhelming load of disgrace, we still
unaccountably find him, in his quality of President of
the Royal College of Physicians of London f, prosecut-

" it incumbent on me to send a copy of your correspondence to the
" Commander-in-Chief, and Secretary at War, that they may know

" how properly to estimate your candour and regard to truth." This

letter is published in the Morning Chronical, of June 5, 1 8 1 0.

* Sir Lucas's country residence is in the neighbourhood of Leather-
head.

t Wherever there is question of this body, I wish it to be clearly
understood, that it is not with the members of it individually, whose
character and learning I hold in due respect, that I have any concern;
but with the corporation, as such, which I venture to assert is, without
exception (and by the next meeting of the legislature, I trust I shall
have proved it to a demonstration), the most pernicious body corpo-
rate that has ever existed in the universe. On the present occasion, I
have only to remark, how surprising it appears ; and certainly only to
be accounted for by themselves, that a body of men reputed learned,
and not suspected of being deficient in self-esteem, should continue,
for a single moment, to retain as their president (their absolute mo'
irarch), or even as a member of their corporation, a person who has
shewn himself, in his public acts, so weak, so mean, and so cri-
minal.

B 2

8

ing, or persecuting, able, honorable, and regularly edu-
cated professional men* ; and conniving, or perhaps re-
joicing, at the dissemination of poison, both physical
and moral, by professed quacks, among all ranks of the
community f.

Nay, in another capacity, — that of President of the
National Vaccine Establishment, — he is himself become
the principal disseminator of a poison, which constitute*
one of the most extravagant pieces of medical quackery,
lhat has ever disgraced this, or any other, age, or nation.
In this capacity of high-priest of vaccina, I am now to
consider his conduct.

* Dr. Dick. An account of the proceedings of the College
against this highly respectable gentleman, and celebrated practitioner,
is now in preparation; and will add considerable illustration to the
history and character of that body, and the pernicious tendency of
their bye-laws.

f A most diabolical publication, calculated equally to poison the
minds and the constitutions of our fair countrywomen, was recently
put into my hands by a gentleman, who received it from his wife, it
having been addressed to his dwelling, und«r a seal, with this remark
written on the cover—" To be opened by the Lady of the house only?
The mysterious proceeding of directing the parcel to be opened exclu-
sively bv the lady of the house, was not of course intended to repress
the curiosity of other branches of the family, who might be disposed
to dive into the contents of this Pandora's box, under the shape of
a " Treatise on Female Complaints, &c. by E. Senate, M D"
which as a decoy, the Doctor has the impudence to dedicate to
her Majesty. In my humble opinion, there are few publications of
any description, so gross as to deserve to be.more carefully excluded
from the eye of every virtuous female. The pernicious tendency,
both physical and moral, of the writings and medicines, which have

9

i

To reason with zealots, or to extract an acknowledg-
ment of error from persons interested in perpetuating
delusion, has always been reckoned, by men of sense, a
vain attempt. I am not so unreasonable, as to expect to
operate the miracle of conversion on infuriated vaccina-
tors ; or to wring reluctant recantation from men, the
continuance of whose salaries depends upon the existence
of a mischievous practice. But I do confess I have the pre-
sumption to believe that I am able, through the medium
of their own reports, to produce a conviction of their
wilfull perseverance in error, on the mind of every un-
biassed man, who reads and understands my letter ; and
especially on you, Sir, to whom it is more immediately
addressed.

In taking these extraordinary documents for my text,
I flatter myself, without meaning any literal attack upon
their lives, that I shall be able to bury Sir Lucas, and
his chosen band of vaccinators, under their own armour.
To speak less abstrusely, their establishment shall be
overwhelmed by the heaps of falsehoods with which they
have basely endeavoured to support it. Out of their
own mouths shall I condemn them.

been circulated under the name of this Charlatan, is so palpable, that
it can scarcely be presumed unknown to all the Fellows of the Col-
lege. But should it have escaped their penetration, they are hereby
informed of it ; and if they should not be able or willing to remedv
the evil, it will shew either the nullity of their power as to all purposes
of protecting public health, or that they consider the interests of their
monopoly in direct opposition to those of society, and in strict unison
Viith those of the Quacks.

10

It is impossible, indeed, they could have furnished
their adversaries with more effective weapons for their
overthrow. I will venture to predict, Sir, that, after
perusing their reports, and my comments upon them,
not a legislator will be found in Great Britain desperate
enough to risk, not simply his reputation for sagacity,
but for common integrity and common sense, by standing
up in his place in either House of Parliament, to speak in
favour of the continuance of their establishment. When
the three thousand pounds a year, granted by government
for the support of the delusion (for it has long ceased
to be an experiment J, shall be consequently withdrawn,
we shall hear no more from Sir Lucas, or his coadjutors,
of the blessing of vaccination. On the near prospect of
this event, which will restore the discipline of infants to
its former safe and settled state, I most sincerely con-
gratulate all anxious British parents, and their beauteous
offspring.

It is evident that the officers of the National Vaccine
Establishment were not altogether insensible to the
impending fate of their institution, if we may judge
from the reluctance with which the unfortunate re-
ports, which are the subject of my present discussion,
were' ushered into light, or rather the great care with
which they were preserved from public view, by *Sir
Lucas and Mr. Keate, in the parental bosoms of the
two colleges*. The grand object of the officers of

* Sir Lucas Pepys was, at this tune, President of the Royal College
of Physicians of London, and Mr. Keate, Master of the C ollege if
Surgeons. (1809 and 1810.)

11

this establishment, that of continuing to receive theie
salaries, these gentlemen were both aware (for, al-
though they have not always cordially agreed in
their capacity as colleagues, yet, on the view of a profita-
ble piece of iniquity, the grudge of ancient repulsion has
been instantaneously overcome by the irresistible hug of
fraternal cohesion) would be best accomplished by with-
holding their reports as long as possible from the scru-
tinising eye of criticism, and particularly from the anti-
'vaccinists of the Medical Observer. But unfortunately
for them, the reports were called for in parliament, by
Mr. Shaw Lefevre, who has uniformly opposed the delu-
sion ; and it became necessary, at the passing of the Bud-
get, in order to procure even the present year's salaries,
to expose these miserable abortions, in their naked de-
formity, on the table of the House of Commons.

This birth was managed with rather more than Sir
Lucas's usual address ; for had the bestial progeny ap-
peared only a few weeks sooner, his cow-pox confrater-
nity might not have had their miserable existence pro-
longed for another year.

Before I come to the discussion, paragraph by para-
graph, of these hopeful fruits of cow-pox invention*, a

* The Vaccine Board is composed of the President and Censors of
the College of Physicians, and the Master and Wardens of the Col-
Jege of Surgeons, for the time being. Over these, Dr. Jenner had
been appointed Director, and Mr. James Moore, Assistant Di-
rector. But Dr. Jenner abdicated, or rather never acted ; and as
Sir Lucas signs the reports, as President, I am at a loss what station to
assign to Mr. Moore in the establishment

12

cursory view of the origin and progress of vaccination
may prepare us for the more satisfactory contemplation
of its decline and fall.

In April, 1798, the practice of inoculating for the cow-
pox, afterwards styled vaccination, as a substitute for,
and permanent preventive of small-pox, was first gene-
rally introduced by Dr. Edward Jenner, of Berkley, in
Gloucestershire. It was ushered in with a mixture of
theatrical pomp, and religious solemnity ; and instant-
aneously attracted immense crowds of adherents.

The medical men, the successors of those who had op-
posed the humane and ingenious endeavours of Lady
Mary Wortley Montague for the general introduction of
small-pox inoculation, who should have been the slowest
of belief, were the first to rush headlong into the irrati-
onal experiment « in open defiance of every principle of
pathology, and analogy, in medicine"*. In spite of the
over-whelming evidence of facts, they will also be the
last to abandon it. While they can get a single patient,
who will submit to be experimented, they will continue
the practice of vaccination.

The example of the doctors was, of course, followed
by every other description of persons in the land; and
the rage for vaccination became a complete epidemic.

Dr. Moseley, Physician of Chelsea Hospital, was the
first, and for four years, the only writer of eminence who
dared openly to stem the torrent of vaccine delusion. In
September, 1798, three months after the doctrine was
pvomulgatedf, he began Ins opposition to vaccination,

* Money's Treatise on the Cow-pox. 2nd Edit. p. 6.
+ By Jenner's first publication, 21st. June, 1 .98.

in a

13

m a short tract, replete with wit, satire, and philosophy;
wherein he formally opposed it, on the grounds of
pathological principles, and medical analogy. It was
throwing pearls before swine. His wit and satire were
mistaken for serious reasoning ; and his philosophy for
wit. This Tract was republished in January, 1 799*.

The partisans of vaccination, while they could not
deny that it was an experiment, of which the degree of
security could only be ascertained by time, like true zea^
lots insisted on the propriety of instantaneously subject-
ing the whole human race to a course of this experiment.
It being undoubtedly true, that cow-pox does, like other
diseases, and other agencies in the system, prevent,
during the existence of its influence in sufficient force,
small-pox and other agencies ; and that those children,
who were exposed to the contagion of small-pox; imme-
diatehj, or soon after having been vaccinated, did of
course resist the variolous infection; this temporary
resistance was triumphantly urged as a proof of durable
security.

" In this Cow-mania," says Dr. Moseley, " it is not
" enough for reason to concede, that the cow-pox may
" lessen, for a time, the disposition in the habit to re-
" ceive the infection of the small-pox. All cutaneous
" determinations; catarrhal and eruptive fevers, such as
" the chicken-pox ; and every disease of the lymphatics ;
" and medicine, tending to what Sydenham would call
" depurating that system, do the same." (Treat, p. 9.)

But neither this strong and clear medical analogy, nor
the demonstrated radical dissimilarity between the small-
pox and the cow-pox, shewing a priori the impossibility
that the one could be a permanent security against the
other, could avail.

* Vide Dr. Moseley's Medical Tracts.

14

The public, misled by the logic of numbers, and the
term " respectability," were irresistibly carried away by
the torrent.

At the commencement of the practice, many men of
otherwise sound understandings, and of excellent hearts,
misled by the delusions of philanthrophy, or the decep-
tions of those who hoped to turn the general infatuation
to their profit, lent themselves, with an enthusiastic
ardour, to the support of a measure, which they confident-
ly hoped would prove of the highest benefit to mankind.
The nobility; the ladies; the clergy ; the philanthropists of
every denomination, vied with each other in encouraging
and promoting a practice, which they were led to believe
by the faculty, was to prove a substitute for, or perfect
preventive of small-pox;— a disease of which they took
care to exaggerate the danger, iu order to enhance the value
of the fancied blessing they were in the act of proffering.

In the mean time, the cunning and interested traders
in medicine, in all countries, eagerly took advantage of
the popular delusion, in order to get themselves comfort-
able establishments.

In December, 1799, an institution was established in
Warwick Street, for gratuitous vaccination, with great
patronage and considerable Funds*.

From this centre, the cow-pox doctrine extended its
numerous ramifications throughout the kingdom.

In 1800, Dr. Moseley in his Medical Tracts a third time
attacked vaccination ; and had in the interim made known
several cases of small-pox after cow-pox, and of diseases
produced by cow-pox.

* The names of the Conductors of this Institution will be found 1
Qr. Mcseley's Treatise on the Lues Bovilla. 2nd Edit. p. 13.

15

This gave rise to an advertisement*, signed by thirty-
five practitioners of the metropolis, informing the world
that " unfounded reports had been circulated, tending to
prejudice the public mind against the inoculation of cow-
pox," and declaring, that " those persons icho have had
the coio-pox are perfectly secure from the infection of the
small-pox ;5' and also, that " the inoculated cow-pox is a
much milder and safer disease than the inoculated small-
pox."

William Saunders, M. D.
Matthew Bailie, M. D.
Henry Vaughan, M. D.
Maxwell Garthshore, M. D.
J. C. Lettsom, M. D.

James Sims, M. D.
John Sims, M. D.
William Lister, M. D.
Robert Willan, M. X).
C. Stanrer, M. D.
Alexander Crichton, M. D.
Thomas Bradley, M. D.
Thomas Denman, M. D.
Richard Croft, M. D.
R. J. Thornton, M. D.
John Abemethy
S. Chilvers

Astley Cooper
Edward Ford
J. M. Good
James Horsford
Joseph Hurlock
Francis Knight
William Blair
James Leighton
James Moore
Thomas Paytherus
Thomas Pole

G. W. Phipps
John Ring
James Simpson
Thomas W hateley

H. L. Thomas
Jonathan Wathen

Henry Cline,

So large a proportion of the members of both colleges,
having thus guaranteed its infallibility, vaccination was ex-
tensively adopted by the community. Any longer to
doubt its efficacy was, in medical men, to incur, if not
the suspicion of insanity, at least the penalty of medical
excommunication. Pious frauds were now most devoutly

* See Dr. Mosele

y's Treatise on the Lues Bow. 2nd edit, p. 14,
C 2

16

resorted to. Parents, who, from dislike to novelty, or
the introduction of a bestial humour into the blood of
their children, were averse to the practice, by force, in-
timidation, or deception, had their inclinations over-ruled,
and their children vaccinated.

The experiment now only required to be formally
sanctioned by parliament.

In March, 1SO-2, a petition was presented to the House
of Commons by Dr. Jeuner, which was referred to a
committee ; and the report of that committee was printed
by order of the House, on the 6th of May following.
On this occasion, most of the members of the London
Colleges, who had so fully committed themselves m l 800,
gave their evidence una voce, in favour of the m allibih ty
of vaccination. That of Dr. Moseley was still the only
decisive evidence on the opposite side. The testimonies
of Dr Rowley and Mr. Birch, were also unfavourable.
But the conduct of the House of Commons was neces-
sarily determined by the concurrent voices of so rmmense
a majority of professional men; and parliament, by
acclamatl, voted ten thousand pounds to Dr Jenner
clear of all contingencies and expences, for what was

called his discovery.

From the force of habit, society is generally averse to
the sudden reception even of obvious improvement
has accordingly been the fate of the most mutant
discoveries in science, to be, in their outse , v lently op
nosed by interested or prejudiced combinations. And it
poseo uy i . . vaccme experi-

is not the least remarkable feature ot tne f
,nent that it should have been at once embraced, support-
ed and propagated, by similar combinations.

Vhusencoumged by public enthusiasm, and sanction d
by a vote of the Legislature, Dr. Jennet amb, , on hg»
rapidly to expand. In January, 1803, was mst.tuted, to

17

Salisbury Square, Fleet Street, « The Royal Jenne-
hian Society for the EXTERMINATION of the
Small-pox /.*"

* In the face of such mighty authority, the most scepti-
cal could no longer retain any distrust of the stability of
the doctrine. The public received the blessing with be-
coming gratitude and respect. The practice of vaccina-
tion became universal in this country ; and extended to
many other parts of Europe, and to Asia, Africa, and
America.

Hitherto unchecked by the evidence of the numerous
failures, which have since risen in judgement against the
practice, the infatuation now raged in all its fury. The
vaccinators, intoxicated with success, felt such confidence
in their own strength, that they appeared to meditate no
less than the extermination ( along with the small-pox J of
their few opponents. Two of the mildest gentlemen
among them, were for hanging, the one conditionally, the
other unconditionally, those practitioners who should in
future be found guilty of inoculating children with the
small-pox. Dr. Lettsom, in 1804, says "the practition-
er who now inoculates with the small-pox is guilty, if
not in a criminal court, yet mforo conscientice, should that
child die, of murder f :" and Dr. Thornton believes,
" whether the child should die or not, the same serious
charge would apply J."

To recapitulate all the extravagances, which were pub-
lished or spoken on this subject, by men hitherto con-

* For the names of the Gentlemen, who conducted this Institution
under the title of Medical Council, see Dr. Moseley's Treatise
on the Lues Bovilla. 2nd Edit. p. 49.

f Dr. Thornton's Facts, decisive in favor of Cow-pox.— 1804.

\ Dr. Thornton's Letters to Dr. Tilloch.— Sept. 1804.

1.8

sidered respectable in their profession would be an end-
less task. It is proper, however, to state a few of them.
Cases of vaccine failures and mischiefs had now become
Numerous: but practitioners of not more than ordinary
force, were absolutely deterred, by fear of persecution,
from publishing what they observed on that side of the
question. Never did such an ignis fatuus appear in the
regions of science. The zeal with "which the fanatics
persecuted their opponents was scarcely ever ekceeded
by the Odium Theologicum. If they did not burn every
unbeliever with fire and faggot, they dexterously under-
mined his practice, and handsomely tattered his repu-
tation.

The rage, which, at this period, distinguished the most
furious of the vaccinators is well and humorously described
by Dr. Moseley * : Men who before this epidemic raged in
*' their veins, were not noted for any particular ill manners,
«« or extravagant behaviour ; and went about their profes-
" sional affairs in the ordinary way, now, possessed of the
« Taurine spirit, became very alarming ; and were not to
«< be met at the bed side, or even in the streets without
" danger f."

It may be proper here to state, that the vaccinators had
got complete possession of the press J. A periodical work
(the Medical and Physical Journal) was instituted, at the
commencement of the experiment, for the express purpose
of propagating and supporting the cow-pox doctrines.
This it has done with disgraceful fidelity^* the exclusion

^Treatise on the Lues Bovilla, second Edition, pa. 5.
■f Terribiles vultus, prsefixaque cornua ferro,
Pulvereumque solum pede pulsavere bisulco ;
Fumificisque locum niugitibus impleverc.

Ovid. Meiavi. lib. vii. v. 112.

f Dr. Moseley'sCom-ontheCo^pox. 2nd edit. p. 22, and Mr.
Birch* Serious Reasons, &c. 2nd edit. p. 26.

19

of every fact militating against vaccination, for nearly
twelve years; until, by the evidence of accumulating
failures, it has at length been reduced to the necessity of
observing an edifying silence;

I sha.l not dwell at much length on the abuse which
the. vaccinators have made of the press, as it would swell
this publication much beyond my design. But I cannot
omit expressing both surprise and regret that a periodical
work of reputation (the Edinburgh Review) should have
disgraced its pages by the admission of so much Cow-pox
nonsense. W hether the proprietors of that work hired
some of the low vaccinators to write for them, or admitted
the writings of the corps for hire, they were equally
contributing to injure their own interests, and to prolong
the public delusion. Surely it could not have been
from any opinion previously formed of their merit
that it was thought fit to give insertion to the- Cow-
pox articles alluded to: for, without supposing the con-
ductors of the Edinburgh Review to be much acquainted
with medicine, it is not possible to believe them so de-
ficient in philosophy and logic, as not to have perceived^
had they perused them, that those vaccine effusions
were a continued violation of both.

The daily and weekly prints, were also for a long time
similarly disposed ;. and the communications of the anti-
vaccinists, although equally paid for, were either received
with reluctance,. or altogether denied insertion. I do not
mention this with a view to blame. The gentlemen con-
nected with the press must, on such a subject, have par-
taken of the general delusion. It is" the med ical men aione
(and among them the conductors of the Medical and Phy-
sical Journal) whom I consider culpable ; and they are
culpable, not only of neglect in having so long blindly
supported error, but of obstinacy, now that their eyes are

'20

opened, in not publishing an honest and manly recan-
tation.

In the mean time, cases of failures and mischiefs, were
accumulating in the metropolis, and different parts of the
country. In 1804, Dr. Moseley published the first edi-
tion of his Treatise on the Lues Bovilla, or Cow-pox; and
afterwards successively his Commentaries on the Lues
Bovilla;' a cow-pox epistle, entitled an Oliver for a
Rowland; and in 1808, his Review of the Report of the
Royal College of Physicians of London, on Vaccination :
aaci of them illustrated with many cases. As these
works cantain the marrow of every thing which has at
any time been published against vaccination ; and as, in
my opinion, the merit of first arresting the progress of
the imposture, and finally overthrowing it, is principa ly
due to the intrepidity, talents, and perseverance, of this
author, I should deem it an injustice to consider any ot
those writers, or collectors of cases, who may have casu-
ally joined in the progress of the combat, as entitled to
more credit than that of mere auxiliary forces.

These, however, began to multiply. Dr. Rowley, Mr.
Birch, Mr. Goldson, Mr. Rogers, and others, published
cases of failures in 1804, and 1805.

The strong and repeated evidence brougut forward
against vaccination, seemed for a while only to mere* e
the ardour' of its votaries. But, Dr. Jenner had m the
mean time, expended a great part of his ten thousand
Jffi* Us adherents

from starving, it became necessary to go back to parha
ment for a fresh supply. ~ »

On the 2nd of July, !806, on the mot.on of Lor
Henry Petty (the present Marquis of Lansdowne t ;
Chancellor of the Exchequer, the College of Phys.ca ^
of Lo don were directed to report their observations
opinions, upon that practice (vaccnat.on) upon the
dence adduced in its support.

21

The College, totally ignorant of the subject, sought in-
formation from every other College of Physicians or
Surgeons in the United Kingdom ; by advertisements in
the public newspapers; and even from cow-pox clubs and
associations. But the other colleges, only less ignorant
of the subject, than themselves, in knowing that they
knew nothing, could render them no assistance ; and the
information they received from the other sources, to
Which they thought proper to apply, was either ex-parte9
or false.

On this evidence, however, such as it was, the College
of Physicians of London, on the loth of April, 1807,
drew up that memorable Report, on which the House of
Commons, on the 29th of July following, voted the fur-
ther sum of twenty thousand pounds to Dr. Jenner for
his discovery *.

ORIGIN OF COW-POX; AND PRETENSIONS
OF DR. JENNER TO THE TITLE OF A
DISCOVERER.

It may not be improper, before I proceed farther, to
enquire what Cow-pox really is, and what pretensions
Dr. Jenner has to the title of a discoverer ?

Cow-pox is reputed by Dr. Jenner to come from the
greasy heel of the horse, through the medium of the
hands of the milkers, and to be communicated from the
cows to the milkers, in their turn. This origin is denied

* See the admirable analysis contained in Dr. Moseley's Revjew Gf
*nis Report.

1)

by others, particularly by farmer Jesty. By some, it is
conjectured to be an itch, or other foul humour, commu-
nicated by human hands to the cow. I call on Dr.
Jenner for a solution of this problem.

Whatever it be, it has long had the reputation, in the
dairy counties, of being a temporary preventive of
Small-pox. Farmer Benjamin Jesty, of Downshy, in the
Isle of Purbeck, was, as far as we know, the first inocula-
tor for the Cow-pox. He inoculated his wife and two
sons, in 1 774, directly from the cow *.

Sir George Baker recollected having had a correspond-
ence with the fUv. Herman Drew, of Abbots, in Devon-
shire, about the year 1777, the result of which was,
there was an opinion prevailing in the neighbourhood,
that dairy maids who happened to get the Cow-pox, were
no longer subjected to accidental infection of the small-
pox. The papers relating to this subject were burnt
bv accident.

Mr Thomas Nash recollects having possessed papers
?eft by his father, written between 178! and 1785 re-
£ in/to Cow-pox inoculation, on which he was at tha
time making experiments. He was moculated by h „
father in 1781, he thinks with vaccme matter. 1 he pa
irhegave to Mr. R. Keate, surgeon, m .799 or 1800
P Dr Pearson had letters from Dr. Pulteney and the
Rev. Herman Drew, dated in 1790, containing an account
from Mr Dolling, at Blandford, of persons, who have had
^ow-pox from the cow, being inoculated M
Small-pox without having received any mfect.on.

Mo8e,e,'s Commentaries on the Cov-pox. mi Edtuoa, P- 59.

23

Dr. Jenner did not begin the practice of vaccination^
.or publish any of his doctrines on the subject till 1798;
twenty-four years after farmer Jesty had vaccinated his
family ; twenty-one years after Sir G. Baker had heard
from Mr. Drew, of the prevailing opinion in Devonshire
that dairy-maids,, who happened to get the Cow-pox,
were no longer subjected to accidental infection from the
small-pox ; seventeen years after Mr. Nash was occupied
in making experiments on inoculation with vaccine mat-
ter ; and eight years after the opinion of Cow-pox being
a preventive of small-pox, was communicated to Dr.
Pearson by Dr. Pulteney and Mr. Herman Drew *.

When these matters are properly considered, it is im-
possible to allow Dr3 Jenner the merit of having made
any discovery. Farmer Jesty, and probably many others,
having practised inoculation from the cow to man, it
required no stretch of sagacity, not even a single step in
ratiocination, to conclude that the same virus might be
propagated from any one animal to any other ; and more
especially from one human being to another : and this
is the whole extent of Dr. Jenner's discovery!

It will scarcely be credited by posterity that a grave
College of Physicians could, on such grounds as have
hitherto appeared, seriously propose to the legislature
to enforce the practice of vaccination by law, and to
consign persons under small-pox contagion to pest-
houses !

* Vide evidence before the House of Commons, in Dr. Moseley's
Treatise on the Lues JBovilla. 2nd Edit. p. 27—33.

5> 2

24

At this period, the controversy became a subject oi
warm and tumultuous discussion, at spouting clubs or
forums; and the proof of scientific facts was, perhaps
for the first time in history, allowed to rest on the evi-
dence of oaths or affidavits.

Notwithstanding the powerful support of the legisla-
ture the cow-pox enthusiasm among the public began
now evidently to diminish. The college, in their report,
were obliged to admit, the very reverse of what so many
of its members gave in evidence before the committee
of the House of Commons, in 1802, that vaccination u
not an absolutely perfect security against the P>f*«£
The people, particularly those of the lower order, who
Jom their situation, are more exposed to its ft, lu» and
mischiefs than others, with reluctance suffered their
cTfid n to be vaccinated ; and it was a knowledge of
bi g owing disposition that induced the college to re-
c^mend the extraordinary measure of a compulsory

''This was, however, deemed too •W»^n" *
the legislature; and the compulsory and pest-house
Scheme fell to the ground, without being even seconded
llle mean timlthe partisans of ^cinatron <hd^
J* in their activity ; nor did the practice considerabty
decline, notwithstanding the nu^-

two thousand, 1 oeneve; wi

U,bed. Fortified by the College ^J^^l

vote of false-
forth with renovated fury. Their prev

25

hoods, sophistry, and abuse, continued to be issued
monthly to the public by their official vehicle, the
Medical and Physical Journal. If we may judge froni
their extravagances, and boundless fury, they must now
have become more sensible than ever of the weakness of
their cause. Throughout the whole controversy, they
were never very scrupulous or very delicate in their
means. But in their total disregard to even the appear-
ances of decency, they now out-did all their former out-
doings ; — they out-heroded Herod. It was never their
custom to meet an adversary with reasoning, or to ex-
amine fairly into facts. It was not truth they wanted,
but vaccination. But they were now reduced to the ne-
cessity of explanations, which called for a greater exertion
,of their ingenuity. Whenever they were forced to
see a case of small-pox after cow-pox, they discovered
it to be no small-pox, but chicken-pox, or a hybrid
disease, although by inoculation it some how or other
communicated small-pox to other children. The fai-
lures * were in their vocabulary anomalies, and if they
were sometimes obliged to confess that a few cases of
anomalies were actual failures, they easily explained this
by the discovery that the small-pox does not always pre-
vent the small-pox : i. e. that the same person may have
the small-pox several times ! Whenever an epidemic
*mall-pox occurred in any part of the country, and many

* All cases are, strictly speaking, failures, because all persons, who
have been vaccinated, are subject sooner or later to the small-pox con-
tagion, if within the sphere of its influence. But in common language,
we mean, by failures, those cases, in which, small-pox has already
teken place, after vaccination.

26

of those who had been vaccinated, were attacked, and somr
died of small-pox, the committee of the Royal Jennerian
Society sent oil' an exterminating deputation, who had
the happy talent of never being able to see, or smell, or
feel any small-pox eruptions, occurring after cow-pox,
however distinctly they might have been discerned by
the prej udiced senses of others. These itinerant 'squires,
upon their return, made the most satisfactory reports to
their constituents ; and the committee issued them, as
gospel, to the community. These deliberate, and syste-
matic falsehoods were re-echoed monthly by their official
journal; and the delusion was confirmed and propagated
among those medical men at a distance, who did not know
the mala fides of the reporters, and consequently spread
among the public.

That vaccination is a permanent preventive of small*
pox ; that it produces no diseases ; and that its general
adoption would ultimately exterminate the smali-pox;
was the sum of all the medical opinions ( not evidence J
given to the House of Commons in 1802; upon which
that House voted o£ 10,000 to Dr. Jenner: and the same
in substance was the report of the College of Physicians,
in 1807 ; upon which the legislature granted him a
farther sum of .£20,000.

The Persons who made this report, it will be remem-
bered had all committed themselves, on former occasions,
in favour of vaccination ; and they now seemed to thmk
it " safer to go o'er than to return/'

But the opposition to the practice increased with the
confidence, derived from experience, of its adversaries ;
and the public distrust was obviously increasing m the
same proportion. It was therefore thought necessary by

27

its partisans, to exaggerate the evils of small-pox, and
to extol the blessings of vaccination, even more hyper-
bolically than before. On perusing the extravagant en-
comiums passed on the Cow-pox, by the parliamentary
orators who spoke in favour of Dr. Jenner on this occa-
sion, we cannot incandour but attribute them to their hav-
ing adopted implicitly, and without examination, the opi-
nions of the zealous or interested medical practitioners
by whom they were individually surrounded.

One said « it was a discovery of equal importance with
that of the longitude, for which 20,000 pounds had been
offered by government *."

Another was of opinion that —

* l/The discoverer of vaccination had done more than if
he had slain his thousands and tens of thousands *."
Another said that —

" The ingenious discoverer had not brought forward
his plan in a rude and undigested state, but in one in lohiel-
it was hardly susceptible of greater improvement V*
Another that —

" So transcendent was the service rendered by V is
discovery to mankind that to talk of recompence to Dr
Jenner was out of the question."

It was considered by some as the greatest discovery
eyer made in medicine, not even the circulation of tb
blood excepted. S(

It was said to have annihilated the small-pox in Mar-
miles ;

• Vide Dr. Moseley's Review of the Report of the Roval Chlla r
Phys.cians. 2nd Edit. 1308. p. 7. et. seq. Ko^College0f

38

To have considerably lessened the poors rates in Great

Britain ;— and, in short-
To be " one of the greatest mercies, exclusive of the

Christian Religion, ever bestowed on man*.'*
&c. &c. &c.

I shall conclude those extravagancies with a master-
piece in that way, by the Rev. Rowland Hill : " next to
telling of the Great Salvation, this discovery is by far the
most beneficial, because the most easy f."

But the Cow-pox failures and mischiefs, which now
daily appeared in increasing numbers, were not to be
refuted by all the eulogiums of all the partisans of vacci-
nation; and they conceived it expedients have recourse to
every mode of personal hostility, moral or immoral, law-
ful or unlawful, against their opponents ; considering
the end, no donbt, a sufficient justification of the means.
When any of their runners, or affidavit-men, which
not unfrequently happened, were convicted of false-
hood or perjury, the whole body of Vaccinator,
r0S en masse, to support their cause, not by fact and
Moment, but by undermining the practice, and vihry-
* I, the reputation 0f those antivaccimsts, who had so

CtmX-^^ intimidatG by an°nymOUS *t
oheL they threatened with assassination ; one

'informed that his house would be set on fire, if he

.ers ;

'Vas

7a from a country minister to his parishioners, on the
ziric, for January, 1806.

29

persisted in collecting facts against Cow-pox infallibility;
and the most incorrigible sinner of all was to be solemn-
ly burnt iii effigy, until he should be reduced to a Cow-
pox scab, or converted into a Cow-pox mummy. As to
myself, the trifling services which I happened to render
in this vaccine warfare, were thought entitled to a few
harmless Cow-pox conspiracies*. The impotence of
these attempts, however, did not diminish the wickedness
of the intention.

From these circumstances, it became obvious to those,
who were in the habit of rationally contemplating the
subject, that although, in respect to argument and fact,
the doctrine of vaccination was already overthrown, the
practice of the imposture, from the great adventitious
support which it had acquired, might, to the incalcu-
lable detriment of society, continue long to flourish, un-
less some more efficient means than were afforded by oc-
casional pamphlets, and publications of failures, should
be adopted for bringing it into general contempt and d: i-
grace. In this controversy, Europe and America look r
on, ready to join the victors.

The effects of the poison, disseminated through t e
medium of the despicable Journal before mentione
were best to be encountered by a periodical antidote;
and the Medical Observer was chosen as the appropriate j
vehicle. It is now almost three years since the base
proceedings of the vaccinators have been exposed to

* For elucidation of these facts, see Dr. Moseley's Treatise on the
Lues Bovilla. 2nd Edit. p. 64. His Commentaries on the Cow-pox.
2nd Edit. p. 77. The Medieal Observer, vol. v. p. 46, and vol. viii.
p. My Analytical View of the Medical Department of the British
Army> p. 164.

E

30

very extraordinary Reports of this establishment, to your-
monthly reprehension in that work. The frequent false-
hoods, scauda!ou8 prevarications, and uniform disinge-
nuousness of the reports, which have, during that pe-
riod, been issued by vaccine institutions, or individual
vaccinators, to delude the public, have there been de-
tected^ and exposed. The impudent fabricators of these
reports, have been forced to retire into their native ob-
scurity. The Jennerian Institution has been dissolved;
and their official Journal reduced to an ignominious si-
lence.

Farther, between five and six hundred cases of cow-
pox failures and mischiefs, with names, time, place, and
circumstance, duly authenticated, some of them happen-
ing in the families of medical men, have been published
in the different Numbers of the Medical Observer r and
no vaccinator has ever dared to come forwa/d, and call

them in question.

These cases have, for the most part, been collected and
uthenticated by Dr. Moseley, Physician of Chelsea Hos-
pital; Mr. Birch, Surgeon of St. Thomas's Hospital;
Mr. Rogers, Surgeon, Spring-Garden; or by myself.
Many of them are still within the reach of investigation;
and I desire it to be understood, that, upon the autho-
rity of these and other facts, I am ready to follow up the
vaccinators, to conviction and punishment.

Previous to the dissolution, or rather bankruptcy, of
the Royal Jennerian Society, in 1808, the members of it
quarrelled among themselves, and the public were let a
little into their secrets.

" When rogues fall out," &c. —

Some very curious details, in doggrel rhymes,. are given

31

on this subject, in the early Numbers of the Medical
Observer, supposed to be effusions of the muse of friend
Walker, their quondam Secretary*.

This was a blow, which vaccination scarcely seemed
able to -survive. But it did not, suit the consistency of
Parliament, which had voted thirty thousand pounds,
twenty of them only the year before, to the discoverer,
to let their adoption, instantaneously drop.

In June, 1808, it was determined to have a. National
Vaccine Establishment; and Sir Lucas Pepys, with the
Right Honourable George Rose, and Dr. Jenner, drew
up a plan of it. In December, 1808, a board^vas con-
stituted; consisting of Dr. Jenner as Director, and the
President and Censors of the College of Physicians, to-
gether with the Master, and Governors* of the College
of Surgeons, as Members. But Dr. Jenner, for reasons
best known to himself, immediately abdicated; and has,
I believe, never since shewn his face in the metropolis,
or in Cheltenham.

Well knowing, from experience, the nature of such
bodies, the original opponents of vaccination abstain-
ed from communicating facts to this establishment,
assured, from a great deal of experience, that their
communications would be misrepresented, or buried
in oblivion. They preferred appealing, in a more direct
and independent way, to the public ; and their success
is best evinced by the conduct of the vaccinators.

[REPORTS.]
I now come to the main subject of my Letter — the
very extraordinary Reports of this establishment, to your-

* See the Jennerie. Opera, .Med. Obs. .Vol.. III. p. 367, and Vol..
IV. p. 18, 163, 261, VolV. 347, Vol. VI. 9.

E 2

32

self and your predecessor, which I consider as the " last
dying speech and confession" of vaccination in this coun-
try. That the reader may see, at one view, how far they
are treated with fairness, I here insert the Reports at full
length ; numbering the paragraphs for the sake of more
easy reference:

REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL VACCINE
ESTABLISHMENT.

Ordered, by the House of Commons, to be printed, June I, 1310.

NATIONAL VACCINE ESTABLISHMENT,.
Leicester Square, Jan. 22, 1810.

To the Right Honourable Richard Rider, Principal
Secretary of State for the Home Department.

Sir

1. The Board of the National Vaccine Establishment
have the honour to submit to you, an Abstract of their
further Proceedings, since the annexed Statement, made
by them on the 25th May last to the Earl of Liverpool,
his Majesty's then Secretary of State for the Home De-
partment; and they trust that they shall not be found
unworthy the continued confidence and support of his
Majesty's Government. .

% They have to report to you, that from the period,

33

of their last Statement to the present time, the Surgeons
appointed under their direction have vaccinated at the
eight different stations of the Establishment in the Me-
tronolis, 1493 persons ; and they have very lately found
it expedient to establish a ninth station in the populous
parish of Spital-Fields.

3. The demand for the charges of vaccine fluid has
been progressively increasing for several months, and
since the last Statement, the number of them delivered
amounts to 16,749 ; which affords a strong presumption,
that the practice of Vaccination is becoming more and
more extended; an inference abundantly confirmed by
the accounts which have been transmitted to the Board
from all parts of the empire.

4. The prejudices alluded to, in the former Report,
they have reason to hope are gradually on the decline :
with a view to eradicate such impressions, they have ad-
dressed a circular letter to the governors and managers of
the several public charities throughout the kingdom; in-
viting the establishment of gratuitous Vaccination to be
conducted by the medical and chirurgical officers of
their institutions.

5. They have also to state, that with a similar view,
a copy of the said letter to the governors of the different
public charities, was addressed to the Archbishops and
Bishops of the several dioceses, with an accompanying
Statement, that the adoption of Vaccination had been
extensively promoted by the assistance of the Clergy of
other countries, and that they were encouraged to believe
that the object would not be deemed unworthy of their
countenance, or inconsistent with the views of their sa-
cred functions.

34

6. The Board have also thought it their duty to con-
tinue the investigation of the few anomalous cases which
have fallen under their notice ; the result of this investi-
gation does not appear to them to alFord any solid objec-
tion to the practice of Vaccination, and on a due con-
sideration of the whole body of evidence submitted to
them on the subject, the Board have the satisfaction to
state, that they are still impressed with a full conviction
of the importance of the discovery, and can recommend
with confidence a perseverance in such measures as may
lead to its universal adoption.

7. On referring to the last paragraph of the annexed
Statement, they have the satisfaction to report, that the
sum already granted has proved adequate to the annual
expenditure of the establishment.

By order of the Board.

Jas. Hervey, (Signed) LUCAS PEPYS,

Re.tr. President.

Copy of the Statement of the Proceedings of the Board
of the National Vaccine Establishment; addressed to the
Earl of Liverpool on the 25 th of May, I8O9.

My Lord,

8. The Board of the National Vaccine Establishment
esteem it their duty to lay before your Lordship, an
Abstract of their Proceedings from their first institution,
that your Lordship may judge how far they may hitherto
have fulfilled the intentions of his Majesty's Govern-
ment, and may be deemed worthy of its future sup-
port.

35

9. On the 22nd of June, 1808, Sir Lucas Pepys re-
ceived from your Lordship, his first instructions to.
consult the College of Physicians on the most effectual
mean of carrying into execution the Resolutions of the
House of Commons, respecting the formation of a Na-
tional Vaccine Establishment. A Plan was accordingly
drawn up by the President, in conjunction with the
Right Honourable George Rose, and Dr. Jenner, of which
your Lordship's approbation was signified, by a letter
bearing date the 2 1st of December, 1808: In conse-
quence of this, the President and Censors of the College
of Physicians, and the Master and Governors of the Col-
lege of Surgeons, being constituted a Board, were sum-
moned on the 28th of December, and entered without
delay on the consideration of the business to which they
were called, and the means of executing it in a manner
that should be satisfactory to the Public, and creditable
to the high authority under which they were to act.

10. Dr. Jenner, on account of his experience, his.
public merits, and his public rewards, which had seemed,
to engage him in the service of Vaccination ; and also
for the part he had taken in the constitution of the estab-
lishment, was unanimously elected to fill the place of Di-
rector; though he afterwards declined to act in that
capacity

1 1. The inferior offices were next filled up by person^
selected with every attention to the public interest, and
seven different places were fixed upon, at convenient
distances in the Metropolis, for the purpose of Vaccina-
tion ; to which it was afterwards found expedient to add
an eighth. A house was engaged, for one year in Leices-
ter Square, for the use of the Board, and for the constant;

36

residence of a Register, who might be at hand to receive
and to answer all applications, and to transact the business
of an extensive correspondence, which was to be ex-
pected.

12. These necessary arrangements having been made,
Vaccination was begun to be practised, under the direc-
tion of the Board, early in February ; and, on the nth of
March, they were enabled to give notice by public adver-
tisement, that the plan of their establishment was com-
pleted, and that all persons might be gratuitously
vaccinated, or supplied with proper vaccine fluid, upon
application, at the places appointed.

13. The numbers vaccinated have already amounted
to 733 ; and 2,580 charges of the vaccine fluid have been
sent to various persons, many of them residing in distant
parts of the country; and they have each been furnished,
not only with several glasses, ivory points or lancets upon
which it is conveyed, but likewise with printed instruc-
tions for the right use of it, and for ascertaining, as far as
possible, the degree of security afforded.

H. The Board have besides paid diligent attention to
the investigation of such anomalous cases as have fallen
under their notice, and have kept an exact register of
every circumstance as it has occurred ; by which they hope
to render more perfect the knowledge of the subject, and
to secure the Public from errors and misrepresentations.

is In prosecuting the business to which they were
called the Board perceived, with mortification, a declining
state of Vaccination in the Metropolis, and an apparent in-
disposition towards the practice of it. They accordingly
felt ;t incumbent upon them to excite a fresh attention to
the subject by hand-bills and cards, which have been dw-

37

geminated among the lower classes ; by circular letters to
the Physicians and Surgeons throughout England ; and
likewise by application to the Clergy, and Vestries of the
several parishes in and about London ; and, lastly, by an
Address to the Archbishops and Bishops, requesting their
Lordships' aid and encouragement, among the Clergy
of their respective dioceses.

16. The Board of the National Vaccine Establish-
ment cannot close this Statement without expressing
their regret, that there should still be evil disposed per-
sons, who are endeavouring to frustrate his Majesty's in*
tentions by alarming the uninformed with stories, which
they know to be false ; and, by public notice inviting
them to be gratuitously inoculated with the Small-pox,
to the great and unavoidable danger of spreading a de-
structive contagion, a danger which is not easily appreci-
ated by persons in the superior classes of society, who
are, with very few exceptions, secure from its influence.

1 7. The Board of the National Vaccine Establishment
flatter themselves, it Will appear to your Lordship, by a
reference to their accounts, whenever it is your Lordship's
pleasure to call for them, that they have not made an
improper use of the money, which has been entrusted to
them. In an infant establishment, it was to be expected,
that the expences would in some parts exceed, and in
others fall within those of another year. Upon the whole
they trust the sum of 3,oool. which they received from
his Majesty's Treasury, will be sufficient to cover their
expenditure ; and, if the application they have made of
it, in promoting the objects of their institution, meet with
your Lordship's approbation, they may apply with con-
fidence for a continuance of the public support, to enable

38

them to proceed in the work they have hegun, and, by
the blessing of Divine Providence, to accomplish the
general adoption of Vaccination, and perhaps the final
extinction of the Small-pox.

Earl of Liverpool,

&c. &c. &c. (Signed)

By Order of the Board.
J as. Hervey,
Reg.

This barren but laboured production, contains no doc-
trines to controvert, no facts for refutation. The painful
task which I have to perform, is to shew the studied fal-
lacy of the whole performance, with a view to mislead
the government and the public into a continued support
of the^imposture ; the breach of trust committed by the es-
tablishment, in becoming, instead of enquirers, propagan-
dists; their criminality in endeavouring to conceal all
knowledge of vaccine failures, under the unmeaning term
'** anomaly" their impudent and deliberate falsehoods,
in imputing to their opponents a baseness of proceed-
ing, which can only belong to themselves ; their degrading
the profession, by having recourse to the lowest artifices
of quackery for propagating a delusion ; their ignorant
or designing exaggerations of the danger of small-pox con-
tagion; and their consummate charlatanism in pretending,
after having been obliged to confess the declining state of
vaccination in the metropolis, that they can, for a mo-
ment, believe it possible that they shall be able " to ac-
complish the general adoption of vaccination, and the
final extinction of small-pox."

LUCAS PEPYS,
President.

39

Before I proceed to review their sins of commission,
let me say a few words on those of omission, of which
they have been guilty. Even the Report of the Col-
lege, in 1807, confessed that vaccination is not an
absolutely perfect security against the small-pox. But
they have not told us, in what degree it is a security.
They also confess, that the cow-pox gives rise to other
diseases, although less frequently than the small-pox*.
These are, indeed, considerable concessions from the
College; particularly those members who, some years
previously, asserted, before the Committee of the House
of Commons, that the cow-pox is a perfect and complete
security against the small-pox ; that it is not itself a dis-
ease; and never produces any other disease.

Since that period, the vaccinators seem to have studied
more profoundly the doctrines of the Jesuits : the mo-
dern vaccinators, indeed, as far as their intellects will al-
low, appear to be the legitimate successors of the an-
cient followers of Ignatius Loyola; with, perhaps, the
trifling exceptions of their wisdom and discretion. How-
ever little astonishing, Sir, it is a most humiliating con-
sideration, that rational beings, entrusted by the go-
vernment of the country, with the care of examining
into, and reporting upon, the efficacy of vaccination,
i. e. whether it be a perfect security, or in what degree it
is a security against small-pox, and whether it occasions
other diseases, should have thought it consistent with
honour or honesty, to be wholly silent on the two points,
which it was specifically their duty to ascertain ; and

* Vidv Dr. Moselcv's Review of the College Report, 2d Jldii. p. 44,

F 2

/

40

which alone could be of any consequence to the publu
to know. This, however, is the fact.

On these two principal points, the Reporters are as
silent as the grave. Did they mean to infer, that they
were directed by Government to attend only to the evi-
dence in favour of vaccination, utterly disregarding what-
ever militated against it ? This no man in his senses will
believe. Why, then, are they silent on these points?
This, perhaps, they will explain in their next report, if
they should ever make another. But, in the mean time,
I will state the only construction that I conceive can be
put upon it by the public. They will inevitably con-
clude that, however they may venture to prevaricate,
misrepresent, deceive, and conceal, there is no longer a
vaccinator so impudent or stupid, even when his salary is
at stake, as openly to assert, with thousands of well,
authenticated cases staring him in the face, that vacci-
nation is a perfect security against small-pox,- or that
cow-pox does not produce other diseases. Sir Lucas, it
he knew any thing, knew the contrary of this; he dare
not deny that he knew it; and knowing it, he signed a
report, leading his Majesty's government to expect that,
Jth their support, and the blessing of divine province
the Vaccine Board might be enabled to accomphs ,the
general adoption of vaccination, and, perhaps, the final

Extinction of small-pox.

T will not dwell on the disrespect shewn by this decep-

tioD to his Majesty's Government, or the irreverence of

Lking the blessing of divine providence on an impos-
Tre Neither should I think it necessary to say a single
v d more on the subject, persuaded " ^

JiU consider men, who have been convicted of such a

41

complication of folly and crime, as unworthy in future
of attention or belief, on a topic, which seems to have
overwhelmed their senses, and overthrown their under-
standing. But it may be necessary to shew, by a de-
tailed dissection of the Report, that, whether by the
force of interest or belief, the subject has, taken such
complete possession of -their minds, that there is not a
paragraph, from beginning to end, which is not full of the
most disgusting misrepresentations, or the most stupid
reveries. It is necessary that this unhappy state of mind
should be fully shewn, in order that his Majesty's Go-
vernment, out of compassion for the vaccinators them-
selves, as well as the victims of their insanity, might be
pleased, without loss of time, to take the necessary
means of disenchanting them. I would not be so barba-
rous, however, as to recommend for the vaccinating
•squires the cruel mode of disenchantment by self-scourg-
ing, practised by Don Quixote's 'squire, Sancho Panza.
Instead of inflicting three thousand stripes or lashes on
any part of their bodies, I am of opinion, the disenchant-
ment might be better and more delicately performed, by
withholding three thousand guineas annually from their
pockets. This experiment, I trust, his Majesty's Minis-
ters will have the humanity to make without delay.

Not to withhold any longer from the reader the delica-
cies of this vaccine repast, for which he is no doubt im-
patient, having had time to prepare his appetite, I pro-
ceed, without farther preface, to the Report, although I
fear it will prove a rather indigestible meal.

" The Board of the National Vaccine Establishment,
" have the honour to submit to you an abstract of their

42

<e further proceedings, since the annexed statement, &c.
" and they trust that they shall not be found unworthy

the continued confidence and support of his Majesty'*
« Government." (1.)

If to continue to deceive and mislead Government be
to deserve their confidence and support, they certainly
are highly worthy of both. How did they begin to ful-
fil, and continue to execute, the intentions of his Ma-
jesty's Government? By instituting an inquiry into the
state of vaccination ; ascertaining the degree of security
which it affords against small-pox; what diseases it
produces ; what are the causes that have impeded its
progress; and whether it be, upon the whole, such a
practice as ought to be persevered in, or discontinued ?
Not at all. These were points of no consequence to
ascertain, in the estimation of the Board. The real ob-
ject was to extend the practice, and to consolidate the
establishment. The whole human race being first vacci-
nated, there would then be an opportunity of ascertain-
ing, at leisure, what degree of security cow-pox affords,
and what diseases it produces.

But to avoid all suspicion of inaccuracy, let us take
their own words :

" These necessary arrangements (the appointment of
" superior and inferior officers, and renting a house) ha-
" ving been made, vaccination was begun to he practised,
«« under the direction of the Board, early in February
*f (I8O9) ; and on the nth of March they were enabled to
" give notice, by public advertisement, that the plan of
" their Establishment was completed, and that all persons
" might be gratuitously vaccinated, or supplied with
«« proper vaccine fluid, upon application at the places
'« appointed." (12.)

43

Here we have no hesitation, no question, no doubt,
no room for enquiry — nothing but downright certainty,
and rapturous propagandism. Amidst all this fervour
of renovated zeal, however, we can perceive a slight
symptom of abatement in the tone of the vaccinators. —
That fluid which, in their language, used formerly to be
called divine, is now only the " proper vaccine fluid." —
We are thankful for even the smallest indication of lucid
interval. But to return : Had it been the intention of
government to propagate vaccination, at all events, what-
ever degree of security it affords, and whatever diseases
it produces; whether it be useful or injurious to the pub-
lic ; in short, whether it be a blessing or a curse to soci-
ety; then would the members of the Vaccine Establish-
ment have merited the continued confidence and support
of government. But if such could not have been the in-
tention of His Majesty's government, who must have con-
ceived they had to do with men of science and veracity,
what does that conduct deserve, which amounts to an high
breach of trust to them, and a deep injury to the com-
munity ? The penalty is such as I will not choose to
name. Will Sir Lucas, or any of his board, dare to come
forward, and say that the questions respecting security
and disease, have been decided ; or that any of them
know the degree of the former, or the nature and extent
of the latter?— Will they dare to declare, in the face of
the public, what they have omitted in their Reports, that
vaccination is a perfect security against small-pox, either
permanently, or for any certain or known length of time;
and that cow-pox is never known to produce other dis-
eases ?— Then will I hurl in their face thousands of cases
* failuresand of mischiefs, not the offspring of doatin-

44

or distempered brains, but witnessed and authenticated
by men of honour, sanity, and reputation ; by men of
veracity and professional skill, whose feelings I should be
sorry to wound by a comparison that would degrade
them.

Having thus shewn that the board, instead of fulfilling
the intentions of government, were only anxious, by
concealment and subterfuge, to deceive and betray them ;
I shall now take a view of the wonderful feats, which, on
their own principle of unconditional propagandism, they
say they have performed :

« They have to report to you, that from the period of
«• their last statement to the present time, the surgeon*
•< appointed under their direction have vaccinated at the
- eight different stations of the Establishment m the
" metropolis, 1493 persons." (2.)

Thus we see that in eight, months, eight Surgeon*
vaccinate as many patients as an old nurse might vacci-
nate in less than as many days with the point of a nee-
dle Rowland Hill has himself vaccinated three hundred
in 'two days*; and Baron Dimsdale inoculated seven
hundred persons in one day for the small-pox. -
Thus Rowland Hill would have performed in ten days,
and Sutton or Baron Dimsdale in Uco, more than Juu .been
done by the National Vaccine Lstabhshment, at all
their stations in eight months. The motive of the
mystery and importance attempted to be now conferred
IS friend Walker calls a contemptible « bit
ofslrgery, which at the commencement any old woman

* See his address to the Jenneriau Society, in 1805. Dr.
Commentaries, 2nd Edit, p- 51:

45

eould practice with safety, cannot escape the observation
of any one. But this despicable artifice to account, or
apologise, for failures, shall not avail the vaccinators, any
more than their libel upon nature, in the discovery of
small-pox succeeding small-pox, cases of which I under-
stand they are now, as a last resource, industriously col-
lecting. If they send a few able bodied vaccinating
'squires into the provinces, free from all superfluous scru-
ples of conscience, I doubt not but we shall see them re-
turning in a few weeks loaded with well attested cases, in
which not only confluent small-pox has occurred twice
or Ihrice in the same person, but others in which simple
small-pox has been demonstrated to have occurred in the
same person even a score of times. Oh ! Nature ! how
various ! how inscrutable are thy wanderings ! After this,
could it surprise us to see the learned President of a cer-
tain college, as humoursly depicted by Dr. Moseley'*,
" ruminating in a field with horns, hoofs, and a long
« tail ; — attended, at a respectful distance, by his Cow-
" pox Committee" — " eating grass as oxen, and their bo-
" dies wet with the dew of heaven, till their hairs were
" grown like eagles' feathers, and their nails like birds'
" claws f."

When future generations shall read the history of the
Cox-pox enthusiasm, they will not perhaps regard this,,
supposed metamorphosis as that part of the narrative,
which is most remote from reality.

Having considered this subject, as it regards science
and the public health, I shall now say a few words on it,

* Rev. of Col. Rep. p. 65. t Daniel, Chap. IV.

Cr

4<i

as it regards economy. The Establishment lias, in life
last eight months, they say, vaccinated 14 93 persons; by
their former Report, they had vaccinated 733 ; making
in all 2226 persons. They have received six thousand
pounds of the public money. This is at the rate of little
less than three pounds for each person vaccinated ; six
times as much as is charged by individual vaccinators, or
for inoculation for the small-pox.

" And they have found it expedient to establish a
ninth station in the populous parish of Spital Fields."( 2.)

That is they have found it expedient to make a place
for a ninth friend.

" The demand for the charges of vaccine fluid has been
progressively increasing for several months, and sinoe the
last statement, the number of them delivered, amounts to
16,479." (3.)

1 confess 1 have so little confidence in the reports of
vaccinators, that, from having always found them H false
as dicers' oaths," I should require something more than
mere results, delivered on their gratis dictum, to confirm
my belief in any assertion, b}r which they could gain the
smallest point. I have no objection, however, to give
them credit for once, notwithstanding the doubts in-
spired by the great guardedness of their language, and to
take the number of charges delivered at their own compu-
tation, 16,479; "which," say they, "affords a strong
" presumption that the practice of vaccination is be-
«e coming more and more extended ; an inference abund-
" antly confirmedby the accounts which have beentrans-
« rnitted to the Board from all parts ot the empire." (3.)

Kow, Sir, if I understand any thing of logic, had six f a n
mi/lion, instead of sixteen thousand, charges of the jluid

47 ,

been delivered, it would be no proof of the extension of
the. practice of vaccination ; since the Board might have
i ordered them to be delivered to persons who had no inten-
tion of useing them. The distinction between the number
of charges delivered, and the number demanded, is here
truly characteristic. It is a neat piece of Pepysm !

The demand, they cautiously observe, has been
progressively increasing for several months; and this
might very readily happen, although it should not exceed
a few hundred instances ; for we find, from their former
Report, that only " 2,580 charges have been sent to va-
" rious persons, many of them residing in distant parts of
" the country." (13.)

Now I should presume that few or none of the charges
stated to have been sent, were demanded, although they
were very probably delivered; and if so, the demand
might have progressively increased, without perhaps
amounting to a hundred instances in the whole. I shall
afterwards have occasion, in speaking of the report of
another Institution, which was sent to me only a few days
ago, to shew how these charges of vaccine fluid are
probably disposed of. On these trifling subterfuges, I
should not have dwelt so much, did not a studied, 1 had
almost said a refined ambiguity pervade the whole Re-
port, which renders it impossible that any part of its
obscurity should be accidental, and almost convinces me,
that it was drawn up by the erudite solicitor of the col-
lege, or some equally eminent attorney.

Here we find the number of charges sent and delivered,
but not demanded and used, supplying a strong presump-,
tion that the practice of vaccination is becoming more and
more extended; and this strong presumption is, in an in-

G 2

48

stant converted into " an. inference abundantly confirmed ,"
— confirmed, — how? " by the accounts which have
« been transmitted to the Board from all pails of the
« empire.'' . Indeed! I should be glad to see these ac-
counts. But without seeing them, I can easily divine
what they are, or rather, I should say, I can pronounce
to a certainty what they are not. They are not the com-
munications of men of reputation, science, or professi-
onal eminence. What man of any decent respect for
himself would correspond with this Board, after their scan-
dalous treatment of Sir Isaac Pennington, the worthy
Regius Professor of Physic in the University of Cam-
bridge; Dr. Jameson, of Cheltenham, and other pro-
fessional men of reputation, when charitably ottering
them that sort of information, of which they knew they
stood so much in need.

If we cannot admire the sagacity or wisdom, we may
at least applaud the dexterity and perseverance, with
which the vaccinators have, at different periods, shifted
their ground, and, when beaten in one quarter, taken
up a fresh" position in another. They had long been
obliged to relinquish Chicken-pox, spurious Cow-pox, im-
perfect vaccination, supposed or alleged Small-pox, and a
whole host of apologetical allegations; and even to con-
fess that vaccination, when performed in the most per-
fect manner, is not, at all times and in all places, an
infallible protection against Small pox. But, notwith-
standing these frequent and mortifying defeats, they were
not yet come to an end of their resources. Above two
years ago, when it was ascertained that vaccinatum is no
security against Small-pox at Cambridge, Cheltenham,
Ringwood, Putney, Fuhvoods Rents, fee. &c &c. ; they

-had this grand answer to the whole : " How happens it'
that, no cases of failure have ever occurred in Scotland,
where medical men are reputed abundantly sceptical ?"—
This was for a long time a standing argument, and might
have continued so to this day, had it not since appeared
that failures may' very possibly happen for a series of
years, even in Scotland, without being either noticed or

recorded.

' At length there sprung up, on the northern side of the
Tweed, a deligent enquirer, a luminous discoverer, a se-
cond jenner. Last year, a Mr. Brown made the im-
portant discovery that vaccination is no security against
Small-pox at Mussleburgh ; and that he himself had been
a strenuous propagator of an imposture for nine years !
This discovery he hastens to communicate to the National
Vaccine Establishment, and to the Secretary of State for
the home department. The National Vaccine Establish-
ment, having ascertained that the village of Mussleburgh
is certainly situated in that part of Great Britian, called
Scotland, and feeling the ground which they had so long
occupied thereby greatly endangered, resolved to shift
their doctrinal position to the sister kingdom. In an-
swer to the fact that vaccination is no security against
Small-pox in Scotland, they transmit a report from Dub-
lin stating that it has not yet been discovered that vacci-
nation is not a certain preventive of Small-pox in Ireland.

I would ask the members of this Establishment, as
Cicero asked the 'Roman Augur, " how it is possible
they can meet each other in the street without laugh-
ter ?"

Driven successively from all their holds, they now have
recourse to the desperate measure of assuming a false

50

fact, that the practice of vaccination is extending through-
out the kingdom ; and of reasoning with their usual ab-
surdity from the fact so assumed.

But we shall suppose it true, that they have actually
received accounts of the increase of vaccination from all
parts of the empire, and that they were not their own
bulletins reflected back to them by some itinerant 'squires;
what new lights could have been derived from them? The
increase or diminution of the practice, cannot prove the
value of it to the public, although it may considerably af-
fect its value to the. Board. Their duty, properly under-
stood, I conceive is not more to increase than to restrain
the practice, until it shall have been ascertained (if proof
be still wanting) what degree of security cow-pox aflords,
and the number of diseases it produces, and consequently
whether it be most advantageous to the community that
it should be continued, or abandoned. Now it is very
clear that it cannot be advantageous to the influence or
the income of Sir Lucas Pepys, that it should be aban-
doned during his Presidentship ; as that, however, is not
likely to continue very long, he will perhaps give good
advice, as it will cost him nothing, to his successor. Let
me ask him, while he is yet in office, whether the charges
of the vaccine fluid, sent, delivered, or demanded, are
paid for to the Establishment*.

* The Institutions, I am informed) were in the habit, and no doubt
are so still, of selling charges of vaccine fluid at 10. Gd. When
Friend Walker, their Secretary, quarrelled with the Jennerian Society,
and set up an opposition shop for vaccination, in Salisbury Court,
was it the mere honour of vaccinating the greatest number of children
gratuitously, that produced those pugilistic contests, and other diver-

SI

** The prejudices alluded to in the former Report, they
" have reason to hope are gradually on the decline ; with
" a view to eradicate such impressions, they have ad-
" dressed a circular letter to the governors and manager*
*' of the several public charities throughtout the king-
" dom ; inviting the establishment of gratuitous vacci-
** nation to be conducted by the Medical and Chirurgical
M Officers of their institutions." (4).

The language of this paragraph is well worthy of re-
mark. The prejudices (i. e. the conviction arising from
daily failures) they have reason to hope are gradually on
the decline. How any man can have reason to hope,
what he knows to be impossible, is what I cannot un-
derstand. Some men, indeed, may hope that they shall
never die. But no man in his senses would think of rea-
soning with them.

To eradicate these impressions, they address the publie
charities to practise vaccination gratuitously. The im-
pressions alluded to, I presume, must have been made
on the public. Now, how the public should be prevailed
upon to accept of any thing they dislike, by its being of-
fered them gratis, is what I am unable to divine. It
must be a curious sort of thing, this same blessing,
which must be crammed down people's throats !; The
vaccine establishment, if they would have an increase of
customers, should imitate the conduct of the Bath stage-

tisements, between him and the resident Inoculator at the Jennerian
Society, Dr. Knowles? No doubt. Their philanthrophy was oosing
out at their fingers' ends. For some curious details on this subject
see Medical Observer, vol. iii. p. 366, vol. iy. p. i8, 163, 2<Sl'
268, 270. Also Dr. Walker's Account of the unfair proceeding of
the Jennerian Society, Medical Observer, vol. v. p. 347, .and vol
vi. p. 9.

coach owners, when, some years ago, the opposition ou
that road ran very high. In the course of the competi-
tion, their fares were reduced so low, that one man, ra-
ther than be outdone in customers by his neighbour, re-
solved to take passengers gratis; on which bis rival
swore that, in his coach, they should not' only travel
gratis, but have dinner and wine into the bargain. If
the vaccinators, following this example, were to offer a
reward to each parent, who should bring his child to be
vaccinated, they might continue to have some few cus-
tomers to their institutions, establishments, or shops.
But the offer of gratuitous vaccination alone, they may
be assured, wi«l not succeed. If they were really per-
suaded that the practice of vaccination was increasing in
popularity, what occasion was there to have employed
extraordinary additional mean?, for extending it ? Not
only are the assertions of these men at constant variance
with each other, but their conduct almost always at vari-
ance with their assertions.

It is proper that I should here notice that part of the
former report (May, 1809), referred to in this para-
graph : —

« in prosecuting the business to which they were
called, the board perceived, with mortification, a declining
state of vaccination in the metropolis, and an apparent
indisposition towards the practice of it." [\b.)

Only eight months after this piteous lamentation, we
find the board, not indeed daring to- assert openly (for
that would be to tell a direct falsehood), but insinuating,,
by every species of artifice in language, thattue practice-
of vaccination had again become prosperous andBou-
rishin-. And what jrroof do they give of this? Why,.

53

truly, that they had themselves, with the whole force
of the establishment, vaccinated fourteen hundred child-
ren in eight months!

The fact is, that their first report was somewhat less
distant from truth and decency than the last, which, it
must be evident to every one, who attentively peruses it,
was made up for the occasion. The practice of vaccina-
tion as they truly and pathetically lament, was tnen m
a declining state in the metropolis ; as it has since been*
and will continue to be, until it shall be totally abo-
lished. In the Finsbury Dispensary, for instance, where
children are vaccinated, or inoculated for the small-pox,
according to the wish of their parents, Mr. Taunton says
that, during the last twelvemonth, only four patients were
vaccinated, while upwards of a thousand were inoculated
for the small-pox *. The reasons are perfectly obvious.

1st The lower classes of the people, in this great
metropolis, whose eyes have been opened by long and
woeful experience of cow-pox failures and mischiefs
among their neighbours, will not be prevailed upon, at
the instigation of persons, whom they have discovered to
be for the most part interested knaves, or foolish enthu-
siasts, to treat their offspring contrary to the daily evi-
dence of their senses.

2d. Professional men, whose consciences are not lulled
by salaries, will, either from conviction, or regard to
their reputations, or from that desire of being fashionable,
which led them first to run after the ignis fatuus of
vaccination, no longer persist in the practice; but return
of necessity, as it will be their interest to do, to the
well-known, and safe, and rational, practice of inocula-
tion for the small-pox.

* See Med. Olw. Vol. VIII- p. 202.
II

3d. 'Among the higher circles, who are not so much
Exposed to the injurious consequences of cow-pox, con-
viction, although more slowly produced, will be the in-
fallible result of its abjuration by the public at large^
and the body of the faculty. Even the vaccinators them-
selves, who have seldom, in the highest paroxysms of
their cow-pox phrensy, been very blind to their interests,
will find it their advr>nl:;v;e to return to the bosom of
orthodoxy.

On this part of the subject, I shall only farther remark
that " the apparent indisposition towards the practice"
of vaccination, so meekly described by the reporters,
amounts, among the great mass of the people, in reality
to a dislike, disgust, or more frequently an abhorrence.

The reporters go on: —

" They accordingly felt it incumbent, upon them to
excite a fresh attention to the subject, by hand-bills and
cards, ivhich hac,J been disseminated among the lower

classes y (15).

Can any thing be more conformable than this to the
practices of the lowest quacks, and the basest impos-
tors ?

But the vaccine establishment had resources beyond
any of their predecessors in this line. They applied,
*• by circular letters, to the physicians and surgeons
throughout England" (15). Why not Scotland and
Ireland, seeing the establishment is national—
" Help me, Cassius, or I sink."

« And, likewise, by application to the clergy and ves-
tries of the several parishes, in and about London"
(15). Was it to excommunicate inoculators for the
small-pox, or to pray for their own success, or both ?

55

« And, lastly, by an address to the archbishops and
bishops, requesting their lordships' aid and encourage-
ment among the clergy of their respective dioceses."
(15.)

Aid and encouragement — to do what? To inquire into
the degree of protection afforded by the cow-pox against
the small-pox, and whether it produces other diseases,
and what? Not at all. But to propagate it with all their
might, whether it afford security against the small-pox
or not, and whatever diseases it produces.

As a further inducement to the church, the report-
ers state to the archbishops and bishops of the several
dioceses —

" That the adoption of vaccination had been exten-
sively promoted by the assistance of the clergy of other
countries.*" (5)

By other countries, the reporters probably allude more
particularly to France. That the clergy of France should
have contributed to its extension in that country. I hold
to be of no import whatever to the argument. We shall
suppose, if they please, and by what means they please,
that it has pervaded the universe. If we can prove, that
it is inefficient in and around London, we shall consider
that a sufficient triumph, leaving the vaccinators to hug
themselves with the idea, that it has not yet been
proved to be fallible in and around Paris. But, if it were
of any consequence, we could shew, that doubts of cow-
pox infallibility have arisen even in France.

And " that they were encouraged to believe that the
object would not be unworthy of their countenance, nor
inconsistent with the vieios of their sacred functions." (5.)

H 2

56

What object? Promoting the practice of v&ccuuttioii,
whether right or wrong. Would it then be con-
sistent with the sacred functions of the clergy to aid
in promoting an experiment, which there was already
too much reason to apprehend would turn out a raftk
imposture, — a curse, instead of a blessing, to man-
kind ?

No. The clergy of this country, I mean those of the
established church, had more sense than to lend them-
selves to a measure that might disgrace them.

The archbishop of Canterbury wisely refused to com-
mit the church f. and the views of the propagandists
were frustrated in almost every direction.

It may be worth while to pause a little upon these
proceedings. Did this spirit of propaganda arise from
pure professional zeal, for the good of humanity ? Reli-
gion and philanthropy, it is well known, are, in this rich
and gullible nation, frequently made stalking-horses to
the most selfish objects. We have heard of pious per-
sons going about the country, building places of worship
for the good of their souls ; and if their pockets should
happen to benefit, by the letting of the pews, or in any-
other manner, it has not been supposed to «np y any dx-
nunution, or disparagement, of their holy zeaL-Sc , i
the national vaccme establishment had succeeded in their
addresses to the church, and a demand ^fbr
tluid was, in consequence, annually ^'^ ^
parishes in England, to the amount of
at 3,. 6* each charge, the emoluments of the board
would have been increased 17,500/. annually But if

WOU1Q Hi h ag Iam m

the charges be sold at 10s. ou. ,
formed has been^mdjnayj^

Serious Reasons for uniformly opposing Vaccina-

tion, p. 24.

57

annual increase of income would, on this supposi-
tion amount to fifty thousand guineas! Would
it be more unjust to suspect the vaccine board ol
wishing to extend the practice of vaccination merely for
the sake of increasing their income, than of wishing to
continue the existence of the establishment, merely for
the sake of continuing to receive their salaries? If
it be conceded to me, that the establishment is
necessary to produce the salaries ; that the practice of
vaccination is necessary to support the establishment ;
and that the extension of the practice would increase the
emoluments of the board; I shall have no objection to
allow Sir Lucas Pepys, pro forma*, to assume as many
philanthropic and religious motives to explain his con-
duct, as he can find credulity to believe.

The question is not respecting motives, but facts. And
if the board had succeeded in propagating the practice
of vaccination throughout all parts of the kingdom, as
they have notoriously failed, it would not have gone the
smallest way towards proving the truth of the doctrine,
that vaccination is a' perfect security against the small-
pox, or that the cow-pox doth not produce other diseases.

It is remarkable how fondly the reporters have dwelt
on the extension of the practice of vaccination ; a fact,
which, whether true or false, signifies nothing; and
which could not possibly be ascertained by the vaccine
board, predetermined as they were not to listen to' the
evidence of unbiassed scientific persons, but to draw all
their inferences from the misinformation of blind enthu-
siasts, and cow-pox runners; while they carefully avoid
touching on the truth or falsehood of the cow-pox doc-

* A memorable expression of Sir Lucas, in his Letter to the Secre-
tary at War, dated 27th of Sept. 1809. Vide Medical Observer, vol?
vii. p. 382.

trines. On this disingenuousness I have already had
occasion slightly to remark.

Throughout the two reports, there is only one para-
graph which could lead the reader to infer, that doubts
respecting the infallibility of cow-pox were ever enter-
tained by any one. But this paragraph, which I am in*
dined to think, either escaped the reporters inadvertent-
ly, or was written, like Sir Lucas Pepys's unfortunate
letter, when phys;cian-general to the army, under the
idea that it would never get beyond the port-tolio of the
secretary of state, is not unworthy of comment.

" And they" (persons residing in distant parts of the
country), " have each been furnished, "not only with se-
veral glasses, ivory points, or lancets, upon which it (the
fluid), is conveyed, but likewise with printed instruc-
tions for the right use of it; and for ascertaining, as far.
as possible, the degree of security afforded." (13.)

Here indeed we have, by implication, more than we
looked for, and much more than wre could have expected
to find; not only a virtual acknowledgment that vacci-
nation is not -a perfect security against the small-pox,
but that it is impossible to ascertain the degree of security
which it confers.

" The board of the national vaccine establishment
cannot close this statement without expressing their re-
gret, that there should still be evil disposed persons, who
are endeavouring to frustrate his Majesty's intentions.1' (16)

It is not, then, enough that the vaccinators should
impose upon parliament, delude the public, and attempt
to cajole the church ; but they must implicate the sacred
name of his Majesty in their imposture. In this inde-
cency I shall not imitate them.

I have already shewn that the construction put, by the

I

59

vaccinators, upon the intentions of government, was er-
roneous ; and that it could not but have been a wilful
error, to suit their own base and grovelling purposes. —
After taking the liberty of interpreting the intention
of government in their own way, they accuse the anti-
vaccinators of endeavouring to frustrate them: — and
how ?

" By alarming the uninformed with stories, which they
know to be false." (16.) — This is much too imbecile a
project seriously to impute to the anti-vaccinators. The
numerous cases of failures and mischiefs recorded by
them, are not old Women's tales, or the reveries of doat-
ing old men, or the effusions of zealots, or the invention
of mercenaries. They consist of well-authenticated facts,

succinctly, and soberly, and accurately, related; facts

which the vaccine board could not but know to be circum-
stantially true, at the very moment they icere accusing
their opponents of knowing them to be false.

They are upon record. Many of the subjects are-
within the reach of examination. Consequently, any
inaccuracy pervading them, may be easily detected. All
this the vaccine board are perfectly aware of; and they
are also aware, that they have no chance of escaping de-
tection, if, quitting their Cow-pox fortresses of imaginary
results, and frequently refuted assertions, they ever
entangle themselves in the investigation of plain and
simple facts.

The anti-vaccinators are too confident of the ground
on which they stand, to wish for any other test oi the
truth of their doctrines, than an open and fair investi-
gation. They despise the « spargere voces in vulgum
ambiguas." But they will not allow this, or any other

do

board, to assume to themselves an exclusive authority
of deciding on a subject, on which they have an equal
right, and better opportunities to form a correct judg-
ment.

As one of those accused of " alarming the uninformed
by stories which they know to be false," I think it right
to inform you, Sir, in as far as I am concerned, that
I am ready to meet the vaccinators before any com-
petent authority. In the meantime I will venture to pre-
dict, that, should the facts and communications, from
which the vaccine board pretend to have derived their
results, be submitted to public investigation, their in-
ductions will be found unworthy of the smallest credit

" The board have also thought it their duty to con-
tinue the investigation of the few anomalous cases^which
have fallen under their notice." (6.)

Failures they have been in the constant habit of at-
tempting to conceal under the vague term of « anomalous
cases." No genuine vaccinator ever yet confessed a
failure. This investigation of anomalous cases, from the
importance annexed to it, I should suppose to be very
laborious. Why have not the board given us a detail
of the facts ? We could make results for ourselves. But

U t ns hear their result.

? The result of this investigation does not appear to
tiiem to afford any solid objection to the practice of
vaccination; and on a due consideration of the whole
body of evidence submitted to them on the subject, the
board h.ve the satisfaction to state, that they are still im-
pressed with a full conviction of the importance of the
.7/«w-,, and can recommend with confidence a perseve-

61

ranee in such measures, as may lead to its universal adop-
tion." (6.)

Nothing can be more difficult than to comment on
words devoid of meaning. The only inference we can
draw from this nonsense, is that the board, although
they dare not assert any thing positively, as to the merits
of vaccination, are determined, as far as depends upon
them, never to relinquish the experiment. The vague,
ambiguous, and obscure mode of expression, which
invariably runs through the report cannot be the effect of
accident. It is a studied obscurity. The doctrine of
general results is extremely convenient. They have
neither informed us upon what they have grounded their
report, or what they have suppressed. But, notwith-
standing these artifices, no part of it will escape refutation.

The national vaccine establishment flatter themselves
it will appear, by a reference to their accounts, whenever
■the secretary of state pleases to call for them, " that they
have not made an improper use of the money which
has been intrusted to them." (17-) That is, I presume,
that they have not robbed, or stolen out of, the treasury
©f the establishment! — Is it not making an improper use
of the public money, to bestow it on the support of
an imposture?

" Upon the whole, they trust the sum of 3000/. which
they received from his Majesty's treasury, will be suffi-
cient to cover their expenditure ; and, if the application
they have made of it in promoting the objects of their
institution, meet with your lordships' approbation, they
may apply with confidence for a continuance of the
public support, to enable them to proceed in the work
hey have begun ; and, by the blessing o f divine pr«videncea

i

62

to accomplish the general adoption of vaccination, and,
perhaps, the final extinction of small-pox" (17.)

The work they have begun ! What work ? The exten-
sion of the practice of vaccination. Which is to end in
its general, not as formerly, universal adoption ; and this
is to end, perhaps, in the final extinction of small-
pox!— It would be useless to prosecute farther this tissue
of nonsense, absurdity, and deception. To effect the
extinction of a disease that may be carried in the atmo-
sphere, by a disease that is not, but by application to an
abraded surface, even simply contagious!

The vaccine hoard are at considerable pains, in their
reports, to give us to understand that the three thousand
pounds a year, granted them by government, have been
found fully adequate for the purposes of their establish-
ment.

This is cunning at least: for they could not get more
without a new investigation; and that would be fatal
to their existence. These gentlemen might adopt as
their motto, with a slight alteration, two lines from Hu-
dibras —

What makes all doctrines right and clear?
About three thousand pounds a year.

The money, however, which the reports of the vacci-
nators have been the means of obtaining from the public,
their enlightened opponents would be among the last to
regret, did they not know that it had been obtained under
false pretences. Were vaccination really what has been
pretended by its partisans, and the sum expended on it
much greater than it is, they would heartily rejoice in
seeing it still farther augmented.

In questions of public importance, relative to applica-

63

five science, pecuniary expenditure is a matter ot very-
subordinate consideration. And I am persuaded it would
be a great saving to the state, were Sir Lucas Pepys, and
his chosen band of vaccinators, immediately pensioned
off, with three thousand pounds a year among them, on
condition that they should enter into specific engage-
ments not to do farther mischief in the medical or moral
world.

Among the many and not least absurdities of the
vaccinators has been that of laying great stress upon the
presumed fact, that, among medical men, numbers and
respectability were on their side. The contrary is well
known. Taking the statement of the Surgeons' Company,
we know that only 426 persons out of 11,00, who were
written to, replied to their circular letter. Hence it is
probable that the majority, who did not return an-
swers, were not in favour of the experiment. But, as hap-
pens in every piece of enthusiasm, the clamour of the
zealots bore down reason before it, and their combinations
deferred all ordinary individuals from publicly avowing
their objections. In such a case, silence affords a sufficient
indication of opinion ; and from a dispassionate view of the
subject, 1 feel myself justified in concluding that, ex-
cepting in the metropolis, where it was made a most
nefarious job, the majority of medical men never were
in favour of vaccination. This much, I think proper
to say, en passant, the fact itself not being of any
consequence, as in scientific discussions the logic of num-
bers cannot be recognised.

In this case the argument bf respectability is, if pos-
sible, of less weight than that of numbers. Were sci-
ence >*vitter of belief, and scientific facts, like deci»

64

sions in a court of justice, to be admitted or rejected by
credibility of evidence, then numbers and re.spectability
might be. of some avail. If every man in the world, be-
sides Harvey, had denied the circulation of the blood,
woukUiot the blood have still circulated? . And, if the*
anticirculators (which in the case supposed would ufr-
douotedly have happened) had all combined to defame
Harvey, would he have been the less respectable, or his
discovery the less sublime? But I feel that I am com-
mitting profanation in mentioning an immorjai discovery
in science, even in contrast with a piece of infamous
quackery.

By this ridiculous mode of defence, the vaccinators
have evinced as little skill in logic, as regard to truth.
Had their premises been correct, that numbers and re-
spectability among the faculty were on their side, their
conclusion, that this would prove any thing in favour of
the benefits to be derived from vaccination, would still be
erroneous. But even their premises were for the most
part, if not wholly false. I have already shewn, from
circumstantial evidence, (and I should like to submit the
decision to the test of a poll among the faculty,)
that, excepting in the metropolis, where it was
made a job, a majority of medical men have held
opinions adverse to vaccination, although the clamours
of the zealots, or a dislike to controversy, or motives
of prudence or discretion, would appear to have induced
them to remain silent. All men are not inclined to take
mad bulls by the horns.

So much for numbers; now for respectability; and
here 1 will come at once to the point. Let the earliest
and principal antivaccinator any where to be found, Dr.

65

Moseley, Physician of Chelsea Hospital, and Member of
the College of Physicians, of London, be placed, not
in any point of comparison, for that would be to degrade
him, but in direct contrast with the Chief of the Vac-
cinators, Sir Lucas Pepys, Bart. President of the College
of Physicians, of London, and of the National Vaccine
Establishment, what is the result ? On the one side we
have a man of character, of learning, of high literary re-
putation, of great professional experience in various
climates, of philosophical acumen, and brilliant wit;
on the other, a mental pigmy, elevated in that/sort of
unaccountable way, which some would call a fortuitous
concourse of circumstances, and others chance, to pre-
side over the Royal College of Physicians of London,
and the Medical Department of the British Army ; but
recently dismissed, not however by chance, from his
Majesty's service, as Physician-General to the Forces*.

I will now take the principal anti vaccinator of the
College of Surgeons, Mr. Birch, Surgeon of St. Thomas's
Hospital, and Surgeon-Extraordinary to his Royal High-
ness the Prince of Wales, and ask what vaccinator
will presume to compare him, in point of respect-
ability, with their Chief, Mr. Thomas Keate, late Mas-
ter, by accident, of the College of Surgeons, recently
dismissed his Majesty's service, as Surgeon-General to
the Forces*, but still a principal Member of the National
Vaccine Establishment ?

* For an account of the misdeeds of SirLucas Pepj-s, as Physician-
General, and of Mr. Keate, as Surgeon-General to the Armjr, which
occasioned their dismission from office, see my Analytical View of
the Medical Department of Hie British Army, passim; and Tk«
Medical Observer, passim.

i

m

There cannot, I think, be any fairer specimens than
those which I have chosen ; a member of each college on
each side. 1 will not pollute my pages by descending
lower among the vaccinators. Let them hereafter talk of
respectability, if they dare.

Now that the victoiy is decided, we shall see converts
in abundance, flocking to the standard of the anti-vaccina-
tors. In this event, they will, for the sake of truth and
of the rising generation, no doubt, rejoice. But, if I know
them rightly, the original antivaccinators will feel no per-
sonal gratification ; on the contrary, they cannot but be
mortified at finding themselves in danger of being identi-
fied with the valiant, the numerous, and the respectable
sons of jEsculapius, whom interest or fashion will, now
that the battle is over, bring into their ranks, equally ready
to plunder them, or the enemy. Satisfied that the
tried justness of their reasoning, and the acoumulating
weight of evidence, derived from the cases, which they
have been collecting for years, would irresistibly, though
slowly, pervade the public mind, and produce general
conviction; they were, and remain, indifferent as to the
conduct of the medical vaccinating Practitioners, well
persuaded that most of them, without any other consider-
ation, will change sides the moment it beomes their
interest so to do; but not one moment sooner.

Dr. PEARSON'S AND Dr. WALKER'S INSTITU-
TIONS.

Besides the National Vaccine Establishment, there are
two Subscription Institutions, which serve no other pur-
pose than to transfer so much money annually from the

w

pockets of the philanthropic and affluent part of the Bri-
tish Public, into those of a few vaccinating Institution-
men.

They also profess gratuitous vaccination.

The term " gratuitous vaccination" has been much
employed in the course of this experiment, implying not
only that the public might be vaccinated without ex-
pence, but that the vaccinators were men of such perfect
disinterestedness aud philanthrophy, that they derived no
emolument whatever from the practice, — nothing be37"ond
the pure pleasure of extending the blessing in society.

The very reverse of this is the fact ; and if the banker's
accounts, who received the philanthropise donations for
the support of vaccination, were all investigated, and the
subsequent appropriation of the monies received by them,
ascertained ; it would be seen that the robberies,
which have been committed, in the name of philanthro-
phy, on the puolic, were to an extent of which they couki
have no conception.

I am informed that, throughout this experiment, which
may be truly called an experiment upon the pockets and
patience of a philanthropic community, a number 'of
medical men have been kept in constant pay, for contri-
buting by their influence to the extension of the practice
of vaccination. It would, on many accounts, be desir-
able to ascertain the appropriation of the immense sums
which have been collected by subscription for the sup-
port of this fanatical experiment. And, should any
surplus be found to remain, undevoured by the vaccina-
tors, I propose that it be applied towards erecting a monu-
ment to medical credulity, which should be higher than
the monument at London Bridge.

As a specimen of the manner in which these establish-

6$

merits have been supported, and of the immense contri-
butions which they must have levied on the public, I
here insert the last Report of Dr. Walker's Society,
which only came into my hands within these few
days. This Society, it will be remembered, branched out
from the Royal Jennerian Society, on a disagreement of
its members, in 1 806 ; and, although hitherto silent, if
does not appear they have been inactive.

<aOO:

LONDON VACCINE INSTITUTION,

FOR INOCULATING, AND SUPPLYING
OF EXPENCE, FOUNDED IN 1806,
BY VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS.

PRESIDENTS.

His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury

His Grace the Duke of St. Albans

His Grace the Duke of Leeds

His Grace the Duke of Devonshire

His Grace the Duke of Gordon

The Most Noble the Marquis of Lansdowiw

The Most Noble the Marquis of Stafford

The Most Noble the Marquis of Bath.

MATTER, FREE
AND 6UPPORTED

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

Lord Bishop of Ely

Lord Bishop of Landaff

Lord Bishop of Bangor

Lord Bishop of St. David's

Lord Bishop of Norwich

Lord Bp. of Sodor and Man

Earl of Bridgewater

Earl of Thanet

Rt. Hon. Earl of Sandwich

Earl of Shafts bury

Earl of Jersey

Earl of Oxford

Earl Waldegrave

Earl of Buckinghamshire

Rt. Hon. Earl of Hardwicke

Rt. Hon. Earl Bathurst

Earl of Aylesbury

Rt. Hon. Earl Camden

Rt. Hon. Earl of Chichester

Earl of Darnley

Rt. Hon. Earl of Carysfort

Earl of Home

Earl of Liverpool

Rt. Hon. Viscount Melville

Rt. Hon. Vise. Sidmouth

Lord Petre

Lord Gwydir

Lord Seaforth

Rt. Hon. Vise. Castlereah

Rt. Hon Spencer Perceval
Rt. Hon. Lord G. L. Gower
Lord Viscount Milton
Rt. Hon. Viscount Morpeth
Lord Viscount Palmerston
Rt. H. Lord J. Townshend
Rt. Hon. Vise. Ossulston
Lord Viscount Bernard
Lord Viscount Wellington
Lord Blaney
Sir Francis Baring, Bart.
Sir F. Milman, Bart. M. D.
Rt. Hon. Sir J. M. Pulteney,

Bart. M. P.
Sir Win. Grant, M. P.
Sir Mark M. Sykes, Bart.

M. P.

Sir Vicary Gibbs, M. P.
Sir John Orde, Bart. M. P.
Sir Robert Peel, Bart. M.P.
Sir John Wm. Anderson,

Bart-
Sir Thomas Plumer, M. P.
Rt. Hon. Lord Harrowby
Lord Grantley
Lord Boringdon
Rt. Hon. Lord Grenville
Rt. Hon. John Foster, M. P.

70

lit. Hon. Thomas Grenville,
M. P.

Rt. Hon. George Rose, M.P.
Hon. Thomas Brand, M. P.
Hon. William Eliot, M. P.
Hon. Berkeley Paget, M.P.
Hon. Richard Rider, M. P.
Hon. John William Ward,

A p.

Hon. Henry Wellesley,
M. P.

Thomas Baring, Esq. M. P.
Robert Myd. Biddulph,Esq.
M. P.

William Sturges Bourne,

Esq. M. P.
Thomas Bradley, M.D.
Timothy Brown, Esq. M. P.
I. Hawkins 'Browne, Esq.

M. P.
Isaac Buxton, M. D.
George Byng, Esq. M. P.
Thomas Wm. Coke, Esq.

M.P

J. Christian Curwen, Esq.

M. P.
Samuel Favell, Esq.
Thompson Foster, Esq.
Charles Grant, Esq. M. P.
Rt. Hon. J. H. Addington,

M. P.

Rt. Hon. Robert Dundas,
M. P.

Benjamin Hohhouse, Esq.
M. P.

George Holford, Esq. M. P.
Samuel Horrocks,Esq.M.P.
William Huskisson, Esq.
M. P.

John Jackson, Esq. M. P.
Admiral Sir Richard Keats
John LaTouche, Esq. M.P.
Richard Lea, Esq. Alder-
man

William Mellish,Esq. M.P.

Charles O'Hara, Esq. M. P.

Richard Powell, M. D.

Job Matthew Raikes, Esq.

William Roscoe, Esq.

George Scholey, Esq. Al-
derman

James Shaw, Esq. Alder-
man, M. P.

James Sims, M. D.

General Tarleton, M. P.

Henry Thornton, Esq. M.P.

Robert Thornton, Esq. M.P.

Samuel Thornton

Samuel Whitbread, Esq.
M. P.

William Wilberforce, Esq.
M. P.

71

BOARD OF MANAGERS.
Messrs. *John Anderson Meesrs. *William Headingtoa

John M* Arthur

* Tohn Herdman.M.D.

*John Bailey

Snmnpl Horrocks

*John .Barrow

• Toshua Hutchinson

*Richara JSatuey

* AflTilliam Tanson

1 nomas rseiieruy

*Thomas Kev

Joseph Bowman

Tospnh Lancaster

*Burton Brown

WW UllCllll J-i^VTJLi»

Philip Browne

VV 11 ltd. Ill 11 V/l 1 If

*&awara Jjryant

* Charles Piatt

Archibald Christie

1 UU» AVlUllCli doUJU

Michael ^onsiduie

William Preston

WW 111 lUill J- W A*

James Constable

J dlllCo i lvuiiirjuii

w . u. v/oraeiij

Thomas Rawe

Med. Sec.

Benjamin Severs

Joseph Fearn

* Richard Shillitoe

Richard Fell

John Simpson

Tho. Ferguson

Knight Spencer

* Joseph Fox

♦Edward Sutleffe

*John Fox

James Swan

*William Griffith

John Taunton

Jacob Hagen, Jun.

Rev. J. C. Ubele

Barnard Harrison

*John Wilson

* Thomas Hardy

John Wood.

Joseph Harvey

N. B. — Tlie names marked with an Asterisk are of the Medical Pr»
fession, and form the Committee of Medical Assistants.

K 2

Trusters.

Timothy Brown, Esq. Thomas Frost, Esq.
Samuel Favell, Esq. Joseph Blakey Spencer, Esq.

Timothy Brown, Esq. Treasurer.
Mr. Hugh Beams, Secretary, Doctors' Commons.
Mr. George Welch, Collector, No. 2, Salisbury Court,

Fleet Street.

'Doctor Walker, Director;
William . Lawrence, Esq. Assistant Director.

Mr. Purser and Mr. Walker, Resident Inoculators.

Inoculations, daily, Free of Expence,

At No. 2, Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, from 10 to 12

o'Clock ;

At No. 6, Bond Court, Wallbrook, at 9 and 2 o'Clock.

Inoculations on Mondays,

At the Vestry, St. John's Church, Horselydown, at 2

o'Clock ;

At Lancaster's Royal Free School, Borough Road, be-
tween the Obelisk and King's Bench, at 3 o'Clock.

OTHER APPOINTED INOCULATORS TO THE INSTITU-
TION IN THE METROPOLIS.

Mr. Z. Newington, Bishopsgate Without, Comer of
Spital Square
Thomas Smartt, Union-street, Bishopsgate-street

7S

Mr. Hopke, flatcliffe Highway

R. Taylor, Mile-End-Road, opposite the Londoa
Hospital

Henry Ward, Curtain Road, Shoreditch

John Syers, City Road

Evan Evans, Old-street

Albey, Islington Road

John Winstone, Long-lane, Smithfield

W. H. Elliott, City Dispensary, Grocers'-Hall-court

John Barnett, St, Johns-street, Smithfield

S. Evans, Commercial Road

William Hardman, Great Marybone-street, Port-
man-square
Furnival, Dean-street, Soho
Thomas Hosejood, B^ickman-street, Southvvark.

19 Attendance at Nine o' Clock in the Mornings, daily.

N. B. — The board and managers are desirous that other
medical gentlemen in the metropolis and its environs, as
well as in the country, may also co-operate with the so-
ciety, by becoming inoculators to the institution,

AT THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE GOVERNORS OF
, THE LONDON VACCINE INSTITUTION, HOLDEN AT
THE CITY OF LONDON TAVERN, BISHOPSGATE
STREET, ON THURSDAY, THE 6TH OF APRIL, 1810.

John Wilson, Esq. f Devonshire Square, J in the Chair,

The minutes of the Board of Managers were read and
confirmed. The following Report was read, approved of?

74

and ordered to be printed under the direction of the
Managers.

REPORT.

The Board of Managers have the happiness to inform
the Annual Meeting, that the cause of Vaccination still
continues to flourish under their auspices. This is evinced
by the numero is applications for Matter, not only in the
Metropolis, but from all parts of the United Kingdom, the
colonies and countries abroad.

They have great pleasure in observing the increasing
progress of Vaccination; their returns being greater than
on any former occasion.

It appears that since the last annual Report,

There have been inoculated by Dr. Walker 2,087 ;
from the beginning 6,105.

By the appointed Inoculators in the Metropolis, last
year, 1,105; from the beginning 2,163.

By the appointed Inoculators in the Country, last year,
34,665 ; from the beginning 156,673,

Dr. Walker, since the last Report, has supplied to 3,973
Applicants, 1 9,865 charges of matter.

From the beginning, to 12,361 Applicants, 61,088

.charges.

In having been enabled to effect the foregoing incalcu-
lable services to Society at large, the Board of Managers
have to acknowledge a liberal support from a generous
Public ; yet they owe to that Public, and to the cause of
Vaccination, the statement of the fact, that the support
of I -his most extensively useful establishment requires still
further Contributions, to enable the Managers to com-
pletely eiVect the vast patriotic and philanthropic plan.

The Expenditures during the last Y
amount to

ear,

336?. 7s, od.
1,351/. Os, lOd,

From the beginning, to , l,35U. Os. wa.

It is to be lamented, that the fatal malady which has,
during the last thousand years, committed ravages the
most dreadful in every quarter of the world, is riot yet
extinct in the Metropolis. The Board of Managers, how*
ever, request the attention of every Member of the In-
stitution to this most important and gratifying circum-
stance; namely, that while 1163 have died of the Small-
pox, during the last Year, as appears from the Bills of
Mortality, not a single instance of the kind is represented
as having occurred from Vaccination.

Signed, by Order, and on behalf of the Board of
Managers,

Bond Court, Wallbroolc,
April 5th, 1810.

P. S. It affords high gratification to the board of ma-
nagers, that that mark of respect shown by the Society
to the Members of both Houses of Parliament, in forward-
ing to them the Annual Report of last Year, has been
well received.

They acknowledge, with gratitutle and great respect,
the liberality of those Members of both Houses, who con-
tinue their support of this great popular establishment,
still necessary for the effectual extension of Vaccination
throughout the empire, and for answering the continued
demands for the Matter of Inoculation from the army
and navy.

HUGH BEAMS, Secretary.

76

They trust that the other Members will be induced
also to honour them with their support, and that they
will allow their Collector to wait on them to know their
pleasure, on their return to town.

To enable the Members of Parliament, individually,
to further the cause of Vaccination in the places of their
country residence, or in any other part of the empire,
where they may choose to oblige an anxious family or a
medical practitioner, the Managers have directed &
packet , of active matter to be enclosed with their Annual
Report

N. B. Subscriptions are received by Meftsfs. Brown,
Cobb, and Co. 66, Lombard Street, Bankers to the Instil
tution; Messrs. vVm. Praed and Co.. Fleet Street ; Messrs.
Thos. Coutts and Co. strand ; Messrs. Bidduipli, Cocks,
and Co. Charing Cross ; Messrs. Bevavnes and Co. Fall
Mall; Messrs. Ransom, Morland, and Co. Pail Mall;
Messrs. Hammersleys and Co. Fall Mall ; Messrs. Darton,
Harvey, and Darton, 55, Gracechurch Street ; Dr. Waiker,
6, Bond Court, Wallbrook ; Mr. Hugh Beams, Secretaiy,
Doctor's Commons; Mr. George Welch, Collector, 2,
Salisbury Court, Fleet Street ; and by every Member of
the Board of Managers.

%* A Subscription of Five Pounds or upwards, or of
One Pound or upwards annually, constitutes a Governor
of the Institution.

Here we have a society with eight presidents, ninety
nine vice presidents, forty eight managers (including a
committee of medical assistants to Friend Walker's wee,

11

wee, bit of surgery), four trustees, brie treasurer, one" se-
cretary, one collector, one director general, one assistant
director, two resident inoculators, fifteen appointed
inoculators in the metropolis, eight bankers (the director*
1 secretary, and collector, and each of the forty eight mem-
bers of the board of managers are also permitted to re-
ceive subscriptions). And as, in this whole list, there is
no mention of any common auditor, we are left to pre-
sume that every man is the auditor of his bwn accounts.

All that has been said of the reports of the National
Vaccine Establishment, applies equally to that, which
is now before me ; but it is also liable to many more ob-
jections.

The noblemen and gentlemen whose names are used,
many of them probably without their knowledge or
consent, to sanction these subscriptions, cannot be sup-
posed to take any interest or superintendance in the con-
cerns of the eLtablishment.

The management therefore seems to rest between
those officers who have been stated as permitted to re-
ceive subscriptions, who, it would appear, are accountable
for their intromissions to no one. 1

The report is particular in stating the sums expended,
but is totally silent respecting the sums received.

It is stated that since the last annual report, Dr. Walker
has supplied 19,865 charges of matter. Were these sold at
10s. 6d., or at how much, per charge ? Or were they gi-
ven away for the sake of pure philanthrophy, or to give
the appearance of increasing extension to the practice of
vaccination ? — An itinerant 'Squire might, in the course of
a Tapid journey through the country, give 100,000 orders
for charges, from different places, so as to give an appear-*

r.

78

ance of immense increase to the demand. The director
had also an opportunity of disposing of a good many
charges to his correspondents, seeing " the managers
« have directed a packet of active matter to be enclosed
« with (each copy of) their annual report." I have ac-
cordingly seen some of these reports, directed to members
of parliament, with packets of vaccine matter inclosed. It
is not very probable, I think, that many of these packets
Would have been used. In the same manner, theNationai
Vaccine Establishment might have occasioned the ap-
pearance of an increased demand for their charges.

But if it were true that there was a real increased de-
mand for vaccine fluid, why exult in it ? Have either
of the reports said, or dared they to say, that Cow-pox
is a perfect preventive of Small-pox, and that it does not
produce other diseases? Not a word do they contain
respecting the only things material to be known. Per-
haps they have the honesty to take them for granted.—
Now, if it be true, that the contrary is the fact, of
which I have here adduced so many hundred proofs,
to exult in the extension of vaccination, under such
circumstances, is only to exult in the extension of folly

or madness. .

The authors of this report inform us that « under their
« auspices, the cause of vaccination" (that is I presume
the practice of inoculating with Cow-pox fluid as a
medium of emptying philanthropic pockets) « stil con-
S tinues to flourish." This word « still" used in both re-
ports argues, if not a species of despondence, at least
I melancholy foreboding. But let them ,o so soon de-
spair : Cow-pox folly is not of so perishable a nature.
When it is driven from the capital, there may still con-

79

tinue to be ^ demand for charges of matter from John
O'Groats house and the colonies.

The Board of managers (who it seems are the author's
of this report) after informing us that " they have been
" enabled to effect the foregoing incalculable services to
" society at large," i. e. inoculating children with Cow-
pox, without any reference to the merit of the prac-
tice—pathetically lament that " the support of this
" most extensively useful establishment requires still
" further contributions, to enable the managers to cora-
" pletely effect the vast patriotic and philanthropic
" plan"— We are left to conjecture whether this " vast
" plan" be to empty society's pockets,— or the old tale
of " exterminating the small-pox."

This Institution has made a discovery which has been
overlooked by the reporters of the National Vaccine
Establishment. They have discovered that Small-pox
" is not YET extinct in the metropolis."

They return thanks to the members of both Houses
of Parliament, who have liberally supported " this great
t( popular establishment," — hoping for a continuance
of their favours. — And

" They trust that other members will be induced also
" to honour them with their support, and that they will
*« allow their collector to wait on them to know their
iC pleasure, on their return home" This would only
admit of one improvement — that the collector should
be desired to take up his head quarters at Hounslow.

It is impossible to form any probable conjecture re-
specting the amount of the money of which a benevolent
public have during this unscientific experiment, been
robbed by Cow-pox associations, committees, clubs,

L 2

so

&c. &c. &c. Parliament, we know, voted 30,000/. to Dr.
Jenner. The amount appropriated besides to the defray -
ing of his expences, and the support of the National
Vaccine Establishment, cannot be estimated at less than
20,000/. Thus 50,000/. have been bestowed on the
project by government. What might Itave been conrri-
buted by philanthropic individuals towards its support*
through the medium of the different institutions, and
the different officers, who took upon themselves to re-
ceive subscriptions, it is almost impossible to form even
a conjecture. When we reflect that, besides bankers,
upwurds of fifty persons, belonging to this establishment
alone, and these without any responsibility, are licensed
to receive subscriptions, it must appear obvious that the
extent of the contributions thus levied, is not only enor-
mous, but can never be accurately ascertained. The
impression made upon my mind, however, is that it may
amount to several millions. Thus, through the medium
of a most disgraceful piece of medical quackery, have im.
mense sums been levied on the public, to feed a parcel of
lean 'squires, hungry runners, and voracious affidavit
men*.. Curiosity alone, if there were no other motives,

* In explanation of those terms, it will be proper to observe that,
at the commencement of vaccination, those members, who were most
active in the Cow-pox Committees, always assumed the title of
Esquire, instead of plain Mr. so and so, Surgeon, or Apothecary, or
ManrMidwife, They were employed to run about the country.lo con-
ceal vaccine failures, 'and to publish volumes thatpoone could read, of
false reports, or lumping affidavits- Hence they were, in derision,
called Cow-pox 'Squires, Cow-pox runneis, and Cow-pox aftdav,t
men Dr Moseley, who attacked them with the appropriate wea-
pon of ridicule, has consigned the names of some of these poor fellow,
o a ludicrous immortality.

81

ehouid induce an enquiry into the appropriation of the
monies thus levied on public credulity, for the propaga-
tion of an imposture, at once the most disgraceful to
science, and the most pernicious to humanity, that ha*
ever polluted the page of history,

If this misapplication of voluntary contributions can-,
not be punished by law, it ought at least to be branded
with ignominy.*

In the following tables, I have, in the compass of a few
pages, brought into a focus as many cases of Cow-pox
failures and mischiefs as should be sufficient to convince
all rational beings, not only of the total inefficacy, but of the
perniciousness of the practice of vaccination. They form
as it were an index, pointing out the authorities wherein
the cases may be referred to at greater length. These al-
though numerous, are few in comparison to. what might be
produced. Such plain and striking facts will probably
obtain the suffrages of many, whom mere abstract rea-
soning might have failed to convince. This coup oV ceil
of their imposture will place the vaccinators in a most
aukward dilemma, It will be thought incumbent on
them to come forward, and disprove the numerous facts
decisive against vaccination, which have been here stated
on unimpeachable authority, or to make the amende
honorable by a solemn and manly recantation. But ex-
perience forbids us to expect any such fair or magnani-
mous proceeding. A silent acquiescence in disgrace, or
a clumsy attack on the character, instead of the argu-

* Besides the immense subscriptions collected, and not accounted
for, by the vaccinating institution-men in town, they have enjoyed
the profitable trade of supplying the country practitioners with vac-
cine fluid. Oh ! most disinterested philanthropists ! ! !

R'2

ments of their opponents, is more congenial to their dis-
XJOsitions ; and we may be assured that, under no cir-
cumstances, will they abandon so- lucrative a practice,
until the practice abandons them. This result is only to
be expected from the impression that may be made on the
government and the public, to whom alone the antivacci-
nators look for a termination of this irrational experi-
ment.

CASES OF SMALL-POX AFTER COW-POX, ALPHABETI-
CALLY ARRANGED, AV1TII REFERENCES.

N. B.~ -Mos. Treat*.; Mos. Com f.; Mos. 01%.; Mos.
Rev%.; Col. R.; mean Dr. Mnseleys Treatise on Cow-pox;
his Commentaries on the Lues Bovilla ; his Oliver for a
Roicland; and his Review of the College Report on
Vaccination, — M. 0. means Medical Observer. — The fi-
gures refer to the Vol. and Pages.

Acton, 2 children, at, M. O. vi. 39-i 2

Aldridge, M. Mos. Ol. 93 l

Alexander, 2 children, Mos. Treat. 126 2

Allardice's child, M. O. it. 379 1

Anderson, Miss, Mos. Ol. 87 J

Atkins, Sarah, Mos. Com. 126 1

Austin, George, M. O. in. 199 1

Baillie, Col. 2 sons, Mos. Com. 129 2

, Mr. his son, ibid, 120 1

Baker, Mos. Ol. 90 1

Bambridge, Harriet, Mos. Treat. 138 I

* 2d Edit. f 2d Edit. $ I Oth Edit. § 2d Edit.

83 "

Barlow, M. O. vi. 279 k

Barrell, Mos. Com. 67 1

Barret, M. O. vi. 397 '* 1

Batsford, Fred. Mos. 01. 34 *

Beattie's child, M. O. vi. 392 *

Bellamy, Miss E. M. O. n. 367 1

Berry, Miss, Mos. Ol. 95 • • 1

Bartlet, 2 children, M. O. vi. 220 2

Battersea, M. O. vi. 391, cases . 6

Bessam's child, Mos. 01. 88 1

Two Beckfords, ibid, 93 2

Besley, Th. M. O. n. 368 1

Birch, Benj. M. O. vi. 394 1

Blackmore, Miss, Mos. Ol. 95 1

Blaxland's child, ibid 1

Blackley, John, M. O. n. 374 1

Bozzard, Ed. Mos. Treat. 130 1

Bowers, M. O. in. 36 1

Brown, Rob. Mos. 01. 54 I

Brownjohn's, G. M. O. iv. 234 , . 1

Bray, M. A. Mos. 01. 93 , 1

Bridges, Eliz. M. O. vni. 4 , 1

Three B- 's, ibid, 94 . , 3

Two Brooks's, ibid, 91 2

Bryan, M. O. yu 394 , 1

Butler, M. O. it. 227 ,. 2

Cambridge, Cases communicated by Sir Isaac Pen-
nington, m. o. iv. 246 25

Caslett, M. O. v. 288 1

Caudle, M. O. vi. 89 1

Child*, Mary. Mos. Rev. Col. R. 75 l

/

Chandler, M. O. in. 37 > 1

Cheltenham, 2 Vac. by Jenner, M. O. vi. 216 5

Two Chittys, Mos. Com. 121 g

Two Colbecks, M. O. yi. 391 . 2

Two Collins, Mos. OL 96, 97 2

Crab, M. O. in. 198 1

Three Coopers, Mos. OJ. 87 3

Cowdry, M. O. v. 316 .... 1

Cummins, M. O. vi. 93 -1

Collier's Servant, M. O. vi. 393 1

Cottis, M. O. vii. 392 1

College of Surgeons, Birch's Ans. 23 56

Two Deacon's,^ ^

Deggan, Cm. O. vi. 395, 396, 397, 398-) 4

Dorman, j I

Day, Mos. 01. 89 1

Two Darkings, ibid, 90 2

Three Dallas's, Birch's Answer to College Queries,

p. 24

Donovan, Mos. Ol. 90

Deacon, Mos. Rev. C. Rep. 75 I

Drudge, ibid

Dobson, ibid

Denton, ibid, 74

Three Dod wells, M. O. vi. 88, 281

Desters, M. O. 111. 37 •

Davies, Miss, ibid, 199

Davis, ibid, vn. 3

Dinton, ibid, vii. 5

Two Dungates, ibid

Kllet, M..Q. itt. 199

1

85

Two Evans's, ibid, iv. 371

Edwards, vii. 3

, A. Mos. Com. 125

"1 " ".""'.^

Endser,
Ellis,
Elston,
Ewing,
Eubank,

r

l. Mos. 01. 88 ^
{ ,94 !

J

Founders, M. O. in. 199

Falls, ibid, v. 43 . «

Fitzgerald, ibid, 317
Flindall, ibid, vii. 7
Fairbrother, ibid, vi. 395
* Frost, Mos. 01. 88 . . .

, G. ibid, 89

Francis Rosetta, ibid . . ,
Finney, M. O. vi. 393
Fowler, ibid

2
1

1

Gunter, M. O; v. 288

Gerrard, Miss, ibid, iv. 55

Gill, , ibid, iv. 373

Granger, , ibid, vn. 4

Two Gambiers, M. O. xi. 318 ......

Gibbons, M. O, n. 369 ' •

Guinigo, ibid, vi. 395

Green, Mos. Treat. 129

Two Goulds, ibid, 134 0 2

Gamble's Servant, Mos. Rev. 74' 1

* This child bad both small-pox, and coy-pox diseases,

M

86"

Two Gordons, M. O. vr. 390 2

Gray, Mos. Treat. 135 j

Giles, Mos. 01. 91 j

Two Gosses, Birch's Answer to College Queries,

P- 24 . 2

* Goody, Mos. Ol. 92 !

Garton, W. Mos. Treat. 130 1

Two Goslings, Mos. 01. 94 2

Green, M. O. vi. 398 1

Hussey, Ch. Mos. Ol. 16 1

, John, Mos. 01. 17 1

Hagley, M. M. O. in. 36 I

Hawkins, M. O. in. 125 1

Harrison, S. M. O. in. 199 1

Hatley, Rev. M. O. v. 43 2

Holbrooke, M. O. v. 151 1

Herring, M. A. M. O. vn. 16 ]

Hume, A. Mos. Ol. 96 1

Hodges, 2, Mos. R. C. R. 23 2

Harrisson, S. Mos. Ol. 88 1

Hickman, M. O. vi. 92 '2

Hemmersly, Mos. 01. 90 2

Hall's Child, M. O. vi. 396 1

Howlet : 1

Harness, Dr. Mos. Ol. 94 1

Hams, Eliz. M. O. vi. 395 1

Hart, Maiy, Mos. Treat. 132 1

Hill, Th.

Hillam, Ch. Mos. Treat. 132 I

* Afterwards died of Scab. Bov.

1

87

Harrington, Jos. Mos. Ol. 88

Howard, M. O. n. 367

Jones, M. O. v. 77

Jackson, M. O. v. 77

— , Mrs. M. O. v. 152

Josse, M. O. vn. 3

Jenkins, M. O. vn. 4

Jackson, M. O. vii. 4

Isden, M. O. vii. 5

Jennings, M. O. vii. 7

Jeffries, m. o. viii. 81

, m. o. viii. 81 : . ..

Jumper's Son, m. o. vi. 391 ,

Kippist, M. m. o. in. 198

Kelly, m. o. vn; 514

Keen, m. o. vi. 390

's, Mr. Servant, mos. r. g. p

King, Sarah, mos. ol. 92 '

Kennedy, Mary, mos. ol. 93

King, David, mos.com. 133 ,.«,

, Mary, mos.com. 134 ,

, Th. and his brother, m. o. 11. 368 .

Loveman, Mrs. m. o. hi. 37

Lewis, Johanna, m. o. iv. 226

Lightfoot, m. o. vn. 3

Latham, m. o. vii. 4

Long, Stephen, m. o. vii. 16

Latchfield, m. o. vi. 94

Lea, Mr. John, five Lea's, m. o. vi. 91

M 2

88

Lemon

Little Child, m. o. vi. 392 1

Linnard, , ditto, m. o. VI. 393 1

Mildenhall, at, five Cases, m. o. v. 319 5

M* Arthur, Mrs. three Children, m. o. vii. 4 ...... 3

Mansell, James, m. o. vii. 6 1

Maizy, Edwin, m. o. vi. 46 l

Meade, Hon. mos. rev. c. it. 79 4

M'Evoy, Juliana, mos. ol. 90 1

Marlin, Dr. I. G. mos. ol. 92 1

Mitchel, M. Child, mos. trea. 129 1

Morse, Ann, m. o. vi. 219 1

Milec, Maria, m. o. vi. 392 l

, Mr.' and Child, m. o. vi. 392 2

Mornington, Master, m. o. vi. 394 l

Masons, two Children, m. o. vi. 394 2

' Mussleburgh, Cases published by Mr. Brown, prin-
cipally from his own practice, m. o. vi. 369 48

Macpherson's Child, m. o. vi. 396 1

Marshall's Child, m. o. vi. 397 1

Mallin, Wm. m. o. vi. 397 1

Morgan, 398 1

Mule's Child, 398 » • 1

Narraway, Harriet, m. o. hi. 38 1

Norraway, E. C. and J. m. o. hi.' 300 3

Nutley, m. o. vii. 5 1

Naith, Ann, Susannah, and Reb. mos.ol. 89 .... 3

Newton, Thomas, mos.com. 126 • 1

Norman, Mr. m. o. vi. 91 1

Nicholson, m. o. vi. 390

8Q

Orton's, Mr. two Children, m. o. vii. 5 t.

Owen, Child, m. o. Yi. 391 1

Osteite, Mrs. Child, m. o. vi. 398 1

Purdy, Sarah, m. o. hi. 199 .•• 1

, Robert, m. o. v. 42 1

Portugal (by Dr. Carneiro*), m. o. v. 71 Several

Packhurst, m. o. v. 153

Perry, Mary, m. o. iv. 223 .. 1

Pantiing, Wm. m. o. iv. 234 1

Putney (by Mr. Shillito), m. o. iv. 231 8

Pink, m. o. vn. 2 1

Presly, Sarah, sc. o. vin. 83 .... 1

Paul's, Mr. Child, m. o. vi. 91 *

Partridge, Farmer, two Children, mos. ol. 89 • • 2

Potter, William, m. o. ii. 372 1

Podger, Master

Puddefatt's ChiJd, m. o. vi. 391 *. 1

Pearce's Child, m. o. vi. 392 - 1

Pearsons Child, m. o, vi. 395 1

Price, M. A. m. o. vi. 396 1

Reed, G, m. o. hi. 199 ' 1

Ringwood, at, nine Cases, m.o. v. 77 • 9

* The Chevalier Carneiro, M. D. travelling Physician to the
Prince Regent of Portugal, and held in high estimation by men of
literary eminence in England, where he has for some years resided.
This learned and worthy gentleman has the merit of standing fore-
most among the foreigners, who have opposed the vaccine delusion.
For the review of an ingenious tract, which he has published on this
subject, see the Medical Observer, vol. V. p.. 71— 83.

DO

Raimondi, m. o. v. 31 6 t

Randall, m. o. vii. 3 2

Round, m. o. vii. 8 o

* .... g

Rotheram, m. o. vii. 323 !

Redway, m. o. vi. 398 !

Rogers, m. o. vi. 397 !

Read, m. o. vi. 396 j

Rea, m os. com. 66 !

Reid, mos. ol. 88 !

Russell, E. mos. ol. 88 (for Pussell) 1

, Jas. mos. ol. 88 1

Richardson, Jas. m. o. vi. 395 1

Rumball, Eliz. mos. ol. 89 ' 1

Simpson, m. o. hi. 317 ....... 1 1

Stiles, m. o. v. 42 1

Smith, m. o. v. 317 1

Sedgwick, E. m. o. iv. 373 1

Smart, m. o. vii. 5 I

Smith, m. o. vii. 6 j

Shepherd, Mrs. m.o. vii. 6 1

Sadler, Mary, m.o. vii. 7 1

Sarnwell, C. mos. com. 'c. r. 75 1

Sheldrake, mos. ol. 87 1

Sangar, M. mos. ol. 90 1

Somerton, E. ditto, 92 1

Shaws, two, mos. com. 125 2

Sands, ditto, 125 1

Scudden, ditto, 139 1

Semon, H. mos. treat. 133 1

Stratford on Avon, at, two Cases, m. o. vi. 216 2

Smith, three, m. o. vi. 390 3

91

Stokes, El. m. o. vi. 391 I

Sayer, m. o. vi. 395 1

Thornton, C. m. o. in. 36 I

Thomson, Ann, m. o. hi. 38 1

Toms, Wm. m. o. hi. 197 1

Thorn, S. m. o. hi. 200 1

Taunton, m. o. v. 272 . 4

Temple, £. m. o. iv. 251 , I

Toulmin, two Children, m. o. vii, 3 2

Temple, two, m. o. vii. 3 2

Taylor, A. m. o. vii. 6 ' ' 1

Turner, m. o. vii. 13 1

Terrell, m. o. vii. 514 1

Target, J. mos. rev. 75 1

Taylor, mos. ol. 87 I

Turner, ibid, 99 1

Taylor, mos. ol. 96 I

Tylcoat, J. W. and M. m. 0. 1 11. 7, 99, 100 3

Varley, mos. treat. 135 .. 1

Vincent, m. o. vi. 395 1

Vaughan, m. o. in. 317 1

Weaver, m. o. 111. 36 , j

Wood, S. and E. m. o. hi. 37 %

Wilson, Ed. m. 0. 111. 38 %

Ware, S. m. o. in. 198 j,

White, G. m. o. in. 199 .... I

Wetherell, m. o. iv. 227 1

Warner, m. o. iv. 375 : .... j

White, m. o. vii. 3 1

, M. O. VII. 4 1

92

Warre, H. m. o. vii. 7 *

Whaley, m. o. vi i. 7 1

Widford, at, twenty Cases, m. o. vin. 82 . ... 20

Walter, E. mos. treat. ..

Windsor, E. mos. com. 124

Wadley, mos.com. GG ..- ,

White, mos. rev* 75 — . .,

Walker, F. ibid, 75 «

Whaley, mos. ol. 87

Walker, Ch. mos. ol. 88

Weir, ibid, 90

Walker, E. m. o. vi- 390

Williams, J. m. o. n. 369

Wells, two daughters, m.o. vi.277

Wall, J. m. o. vi. 391

Walker, F. m. o. vi. 392

Weston, m.o. vi. 392 —

Wood, m. o. vi. 393 •

Wagstaffe, m.o. vii. 107

Wadley, m. o. vi. 394

Waddington, m. o. vi. 396

Westbrooke, m. o. vi. 396

Wild, m. o. vi. 393

Young, Mos. 01. 88

' Total 535

N B.— The single fact of Dr. Jenner havin- caused
his own son to he inoculated with small-pox, is worth a
thousand cases of failures towards proving the opinion
which he entertained of his own discovery.

<)3

Names of Medical Men, icho have suffered, in their own
Families, from Vaccination.

Dr. Harness, Transport Board.

Mr. Taunton, Professor of Anatomy, London.

Mr. Thomas, Ditto Ditto.

Mr. Haslem, of Bethlem Hospital.

Mr. Bowen, of Harrow.

Mr. Blaxland, Wandsworth.

Mr. Eubank, Grosvenor Street.

Mr. Goss-, Dawlish.

Mr. Fisher, Salisbury.

Mr. Bartlet, Finsbury Dispensary.

DEATHS FROM SMALL-POX AFTER COW-POX, AND
IIOM COW-POX DISEASES.

Acknowledged by the Original Vaccine Inst. Birch's

Answer, p. 12 5

Adams, John, Mos. Rev. 75 1

Bambridge, Th. Mos. Treat. 136 1

Barrel, Isaac, Mos. Ol. 89 1

Battersea, M. O. vi. 391 cases 2

Blake's Coachman, M. O. vr. 393 1

Braily, M. O. vi. 395 1

Busel, M. O. vii. 7 1

Butts, Birch's Ans. &c. p. 26 1

C— e, Mos. Tr. 129 ; I

Carrier, M. Q. vr. 392 l

Chalk, ibid. vn. 99 1

.94

Olson's Grandson, M. 0. xii. 393 1

Dearlove, Mos. Ol. 93 1

2 Fords, M. O. r. 76 , 2

Fenner, Mos. Rev. Col. R. 73 1

Goodmg, M. O. in. 38 1

Good, Mos. 01. 35 1

Gamble's Servant, Mos. Rev. 74 1

Howard, Mrs. M. O. n. 367 1

Hoddington, M. O. vi. 396 1

Hindley, M. O. yi. 398 1

Haslem, Birch's Ans. &c. p. 26 2

Hertford, Birch's Ans. p. 12 4

Indis, Eliza and Geo. M. O. in. 313 2

Iroing, James, M. O. vn. 13 1

Keene, Mr. Serj. Rev. C. R. 73 • 1

Lane, M. O. m. 37 1

Lewis, M. O. v. 76 ? 1

Mally, M. O. in. 123 1

Mussleburg at, M. O. vi. 376 3

Meredith, M. O. vi. 393 1

New, Mos. Treat. 110 •

Purvis, Mr. Child, M. O. v. 77 • 1

Perch, Geo. M. O. vn. 3 1

Poole, Sarah, M. O. vi. 90 • 1

R M. O. vi. 397 1

Richardson, Mos. Ol. 89

Rings, 2 Sons, M. O. v. 76 ;•• 2

Ringwood, M. O. v. 77 • • • • • • \ V vj • V H

Returns of the College of Surgeons to the College of

Physicians

Rodwell, M. O. vn. 3 ^

Symonds, Mos. Com. 69

9$

Stuart, Mos. Treat. 110 ...«.T.;.T.;..".V.T.. 1

Shields, Jam. M. O. n. 370 , 1

Thomson, M. O. vn. 6 1

Wrede, M. O. in. 147 1

Wise, E. M. O. vn. 16 ... 1

Wild, M. O. in. 123 ........ ^ 1

Widford, at, 9 cases, M. O. vm. 82 9

Waters, Mos. Ol. 88 1

. Walker, Mos. 01. 89 • 1

Two Watts, Birch's Ans. &c. p. 26 2

Total 97

COW-POX DISEASES.

Barnet, Mos. Ol. 88 1

Bayes, Scab B. M. O. in. 124 1

Burley, Fac. Bov. Mos. Ol. 17 . 1

2 Birds Tin. Bov. and Scab. Mos. OL 96 2

Brandon, Mos. Ol. 95 . , , 1

Brown, Tin. B. M. O. 111. 124 , 1

Buddie, Abscesses, ibid. 125 • 1

Bush, Mos. Ol. 87 . ... 1

Caves, Mos. Com. 127 1

Chatterton, Tin. B: Mos. Com. 12»; 1

Cooke, M. O. in. 317 1

Crawford, M. O. v. 77 1

Curling, Mos. Treat. 126 1

2 Croxfords, Mos. 01. 89 2

Dunn, Mos. Ol. 93; M. O. vn. 101 , 1

Davis, Scab. Mos. Ol. 92 1

N 2

.06

Deverell, Scab. Mos. Com. 123 '.

D n, Mos. Tr

Frost, Erupt. Mos. Ol. 88 ,

Faulkener, Th. Fac. Bov. Com. 109

, Fred. Deaf, no .

Gee, Mos. 01. 17 • • • • <

H y, Master

Howlet, John «

Hanchet, Mrs

Jones, Eliz. M. O, in. 126

Jones, Henry, M. O. in. 127 \

Inglis, Wm. M. O. in. 317

Inglis, P. M. O. hi. 318

Jay, Mos. Ol. 91 •«

Ince, Mos. 01. 18 «

Jowles, Frederick, Mos. Ol. 25 .

M'Michin, Thos. M. O. 111. 124

Middleton's Son, M..O. in. 199

M'Dougal, Chas. M. O. vi. 280

Purvis, Mr. 3 Children, M. O. v. 77

Potter, Mr. Baughter. Mos. Ol. 90

Linzee, Birch's Ans. &c. p. 26 ....

Potter, Ann, Mos. Ol. 90

Parson, Mr. Daughter, Mos. 01. 84

Latchfield, M, O. vi. 94

Maclin, Wm. M. O. vi. 393

Rankin, Mos. Com. 126 *

Rpssiter, M. Q. in. 123

Ross, M. O. y.. .12.5. •'

Report of the London College of Surgeons to the C ol-
lege of Physicians, Eruptions

Ditto Bad Arms

97

Shaw, M. O. in. 124 l

Stilwell, M. O. in. 200 . I

Sandby, Mos. 01. 89 2

Siddons, 2 Children, Mos. Ol. 90 2

Seyfert, M. and F, Mos. Ol. 93 2

Spurrel, 2 Children, Mos. 01. 94 2

Sir , Mos. 01. 95 , 1

Total iso

VACCINE DOCTRINES REFUTED BY
REASONING.

Specimen of Qow-pox Logic and Demonstration*

Small-pox is a dreadful malady, — a fatal pestilence *,
It produces other diseases f .

According to the Vaccinators. This assumption was necessary t»
give eclat to vaccination. However severe the natural Small-pox may
sometimes prove, as an atmospheric disease, it is certain that if half
the pains had been taken to encourage inoculation, that have been be-
stowed on the extension of vaccination, there would now be little food
for Small-pox in the natural way. This would have been a less irra-
tional plan of extermination. As to the danger of inoculated Small-
pox, it has be.:n most perversely exaggerated. Experienced inocu-
lators, like Sulton and Dimsdale, scarcely ever lost a patient decidedly
•f Small-pox.

t The diseases which succeed Small-pox are not near so inveterate
and loathsome as those which succeed Cow-pox,

It occurs only once in the same person f.
It can be conveyed by the atmosphere.
It does not prevent Cow-pox.

Cow-pox is no disease +;

It produces no other diease $ ;

It may occur several times in the same person ;

It can only be communicated by insertion ;

It will prevent and may exterminate the Small-pox % I

The Jennerian Problem, then, is this : " To prevent,
«• and exterminate the Small-pox, a dreadful malady, a
« fatal pestilence, which produces other diseases, which
« occurs only once in the same person, which can be
« conveyed by the atmosphere, and which does not pre.
« vent Cow-pox ; by means of the Cow-pox, a something
« scarcely discernible in its agency, which is no disease,
« which produces no disease, which may occur several
« times in the same person, and which is only communi-
" cated by contact with an abraded surface."

* The most infatuated and stupid of the vaccinators are now in
search of cases, in which Small-pox has occurred in the same person
Lore than once. Jenner had preserved this doctrine in petto a. an
ZLy for the failure of vaccination. Lettso.n and some o her
lo nibbled at it. For every instance they can prove of such an
occunence, I engage to find them a man who sha.l never d>e, or Lo
give them up an anti-vaccinator for immolation.

% These are the doctrines of the vaccinators themselves, which are
of course false.

\

99

This is the promising problem — " how to make some-
" thing oat of nothing" — which the vaccinators have
been labouring to prove for the last twelve years. And
although they are now more distant from the solution
than at the commencement, in the precise ratio of their
progress, yet the vaccinators have not been unprofitably
employed. They have, in the course of their journey,
stumbled on a very useful discovery, the method of
speedily and copiously extracting solid gold from the
Taurine mine of credulity. With this they were enabled
to throw dust in people's eyes ; and it was believed for
a time that they were going on successfully towards the
solution of their problem.

But to tile self-evident absurdity a priori of this mon-
strous proposition, we are now enabled to add a

REFUTATION OF VACCINE DOCTRINES FROM PRAGTI*

C AL RESULTS.

Doctrine. Natural Cow-pox, or Cow-pox from
milking, is a perfect preventive of the Small-pox during
life * .

Refutation. The following persons, as may be
seen by consulting the references, had Small-pox after
Cow-pox from milking, of which some of them died; viz.
Adams, Deacon, Denton, Dobson, Drudge, Fenner, Mr.
Gamble's two servants, Mr. Caldwell's servants, Childs
and Target, Lucy Round; Sarnwell, Walker, (Francis);

* Seethe Report of the College of Physicians, in Dr. Moseley's
Rev. p. 73. and Dr. Bradley's evidence in Dr. Mos. Treat. 2d. Edit,
p. 41.

100

White (Wm.) Denton had first the Cow-pox violently,
then the Small-pox. and then the Cow-pox again. Mrs.
Fenner died of the Small-pox after having had the Cow-
pox from milking tioict. Lucy Round had twice the
Cow-pox, then the Small-pox, and then the Cow-pox

again ! —

Doctrine. Vaccination, or Cow-pox by inoculation,
is a perfect preventive of the Small-pox during life.—
Jenner, &c. &c. &c. .

Refutation. Five hundred and thirty-five Cases,
referred to in the preceding table, of Small-pox after
Cow-pox. (p. 82 to 92).

It may be observed that, respecting this doctrine the
vaccinators differ radically among themselves. The Jen-
nerians * say that there are two kinds of Cow-pox, one
genuine the other spurious ; and that a patient being once
vaccinated with the former is secure for ever. The
Pearson ians f assert that there is but one sort ; and that
in order to be secure a patient must be vaccinated twice.
Both these doctrines are palpably absurd. The Wal-
kerians t have, no doubt, a doctrine of their own.

Doctrine. Cow-pox is no disease.
Refutation. What is it?

* The National Vaccine Establishment may be considered the
successor to the "Koyal Jennerian Society » f Dr Pearson ^ - i e
chief of the " Original Vaccine Institute," in Broad Street, Golden
Square; and t Dr. Walker the Director of the « Ix>ndon Vaccine
Institution." (See the Report, p. 72.)

101

Doctrine. CoW-pox does not produce other dis-
eases.

Refutation. See reference to 150 cases of diseases
from cow-pox, page 95 to 97.

Vaccination having been shewn to be wholly inefficient
as a preventive of the small-pox, it will scarcely be neces-
sary to convince parents that it produces other diseases,
m order to deter them from the practice. Should there'
however, be any parents of this description, let them
read on.

Doctrine. Cow-pox renders small-pox milder. It
is never fatal.

Refutation. See table of deaths (97 cases) from
small-pox after cow-pox ; and from cow-pox diseases*
page 93 to 95. '

Dr. MOSELEY's NOSOLOGY OF NEW DISEASES
CAUSED BY THE SUBTILE POISON OF THE
COW-POX t.

I Facies Bovilla. T>e fece swo]1 . fa
eyes distorted by Strabismus ; tumefaction, or abscesses!
sometmies sanguineous, about the zygoma, orbits of the
eZe1andc^; the nose flattened, the front taurifonn!

* Veqr few deatlTto^^

„ great ^ntX^^r^T ^

hTl" "1 beCaUSe — Set^ nit

seeing them, and others, who did see th»m / interested in not

Converts are daily i„crcasi,,e Mel ^ m°re bold-

f We fe*. of ,te College Report, 2ntl £"*

102

and the countenance so changed, that people have with
ihTetn, given this sort of .ace the appellate of

TL» Bov i lla. Pustules, or ulcerations, in
various parts of the body, with painful *

gree.

ee' ~ . The head covered with scabs,

ffl. t«~ Bo^gffi commo„ Scaldhead.

and issuing a corroding rotring

Some dry and h«d about°he ears in its course,

^^^.andap^U
were covered with brimstone

ft" Eirior— sofahluccoiou,, some-
discharge, from sores so terminatl»g in squa-
,imesof £ao; and Wring out in

m0us, or f»'tu'-e0U m. fa k»obs difficult to

fresh places -.-black, oro burst

saturate-, ~££Z££*^ ^
and •J*&^£Lfcl ****** £

J the bones of the face, arms, fingers, Lc, ^ ,

' ' " " 1 iVarCY. See Dr. Moseley's

* With its Leprous variet.es, £^^:.fcff. and his Olive,
Commentaries on the Cow pox, 2d Edit, pag
for a Rowland, 9th Edit*. P^e 34,

103

CONCLUSION.

Small-pox has been proved, in a great variety of cases,
to have occurred at all periods after vaccination, from a
few days or weeks, to the extent of the duration of the
experiment. The protection which it affords agamst
the small-pox, is consequently of uncertain duration;
and safetv cannot be ensured but by variolous ino-
culation, repeated until it takes effect. And even under
these repeated operations, safety is not ensured, except-
tog when small- pox inoculation happens to be performed
after the countervailing influence of the cow-pox hag
ceased, and before exposure to variolous infection can have
taken place. According to all the rules of philosophy-
induction, no one, excepting under these circumstsM l
is permanently safe. In all these views, then, the P^1
vaccination is absurd, superfluous, and worseth^SDenedl

But as, in numerous instances, death har P.
from small-pox' after cow-pox*, and as cow^ox Pr01 "ces
other diseases, of which many cases ha- terminate in
death ; the practice * directly, positive, and extremely
pernicious to society.

And, as having been the medium of defrauding fte,
public probably of millions of money, which never has
been accounted for, and for vrhich vaccinating adventur-
ers have been scrambling and fighting in the name of
philanthrophy, I hold it to be an imposture, not simply
disgraceful to science, pernicious to health, and danger-
ous to life ; but destructive to the morals of the faculty,
and injurious to the purses of the community.

The following «< Comparative View," &c will afford
a specimen of the determined falsehoods with which the
Jennerian society commenced their career ; from whence
the reader will be able to infer the mountains of additional
falsehoods, which were subsequently necessary to support
this baseless fabric.

1(H

A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE NATURAL SMALL-POX, INOCU-
LATED SMALL-POX, AND INOCULATED COW-POX.
By JOHN ADDINGTON.
Published by Order of the Medical Council ofth* Royal Jennerian Society for the
Extermination of the Small-pox. JOHN WALKER, Secretary.

History, Genera1. Character, Mortality.

I

C

<

(J
<

P

<!
S5

For Twelve Centuries this Dis-
ease has been known to continue its
ravages, destroying in every year an
immense Proportion of the whole Po-
pulation of the World ! !

Contagious Dis-
ease :
'"j^e instances

miIdi Vt for the
most parwr. , .

, Painl10lent'

Loathsoiii

and

Dangerous to
Like.

One in Six, who
have the Disease,
DIES. At least
half of mankind
has it; consequent-
ly One in Twelve
of the human race
perish by one Dis-
ease ! ! In London
3000 annually. In
the United King-
I dom 40,000.

Circumstances independent of Con-
tagion and Mortality, viz. Danger,
Eruptions, Confinement, Loss of Time,
Expense, Requisite Precautions, Medical
Treatment, Deformity, and ^Subsequent
Diseases.

1. One in Three has the Natural Small-
pox in a Dangerous form.

2. It produces Eruptions, numerous,
painful, and disgusting :

3. Occasions Confinement,

4. Loss of Time, and

5. Expense, more or less considerable,
affecting Individuals, Families, Pa-
rishes, &c. :

6. Rend ers Precautions for the most part
unavailing:

7. Medical Treatment necessary both
during the Disease and aftei wards :

8. LeavesPifs, Scc.rs, Seams, &c. disfigur-
ing the Skin, especially the Face : and

5- Is followed by Scrofula in every form,
diseases of the Skin, Glands, Joints,
&c. Blindness, Deafness, &c. &c.

r

o
Pj<

j

<

SB

o

p

<

5
u
o

y

A Contagious Dis-
ease :
for the most part

mild j
but in some in-
stances Violent,

Painful,
Loathsome, and
Dangerous to Life.

One in
Three Hundred
Inoculated

DIES.
In London
probably,
One in
One Hundred.

The Inorulation of the Sm^ll_pox
having been partially adopted, h\s be-
come the means of spreading the -lxl_
fection, and has thus encreased its
general mortality — In London this
increase has been in the proportion of
Seventeen in every Thousand.

1. One in Thhty or Forty has the Inocu-
lated Small-pox in a Dangerous form.

2. It produces Eruptions in greater or less
numbers :

3. Occasions Confinementi

4. Loss of Time, and

5. Expense, sometimes considerable:

6. Requires Preparation by Diet and
Medicine: Care to avoid certain Sea-
sons, as extremes of Heat and Cold ;
certain periods ofLife,as early Infancy
and Old Age ; and certain States of
Constitution, as General Ill-Health,
Toething, Pregnancy, &c. &c. : j

7. Renders Medical Treatment usuatiy
necessary :

8. Is liable to produce Deformities when-
ever the Disease proves severe ; and
to be

9. Followed by the. same Diseases as
above enumerated, though less fre-
quently.

>

o

o

o

J-

-J!

c
z

105

Not Contagious •,
and, when piopeily

conducted,
uniformly Mild,

Inoffensive, (NEVER FATAL
free from Pain or

Danger,
and an lnfallibh
Preventive of the

Small-pox.
During a long series of years, the Cow-
pox, accidentally received, has been con-
sidered as a Preservative against any
future attack of the Small-pox. Many
persons in the dairy countries, who have
had the former in their youth, have re-
mained to old age unsusceptible oi the
latter. ,

1. The Inoculated Cow-pox is attended

by no Danger:
9. Produces a Pustule on the Inoculated
Part only :

3. Occasions neither Confintminty

4. Loss of Time, nor

5. Expense:

6. Demands no other Prerautions than
such as respect the Conduct the Ino-
culation :

y Requires no Medicine :

8. ' Leaves no Deformity nor Dufigurattan:

and

9. Excites no subsequent Diseases.

With a knowledge of the facts contained in the above statement,
it is 'presumed that no person can conscientiously refuse or hesitate
to embrace the opportunity now providentially offered of preserving
his own family from so dreadful and destructive a pestilence as the
Small-pox.; and of contributing his part towards its total extirpation.
The new Inoculation recommends itself to all classes ; the rich are
adopting it univi rSally : their example may now be followed, without
expense, by the poor, for whose immediate benefit the Royal Jen-
nerian Society was established.

You are requested to affix this useful publication in a conspicuous

part of your dwelling.

jv^ £# This singular document is without a date. But it

must have been published between 1803 and 1806. -

If the statements I have made be correct, not only is this
comparative view, published by order of the Jennerian

106

Society*, in all i's material parts, erroneous, bat. in
mmy, the *&vy reverse of truth. Three of the pf'm-
fWfft] assert b,> in this table, — That one in twelve of the
hiu.wn met dies of Small-pox; that Cow-pox is never
frttf l anu that vaccination is an infallible prete.nive of
Small-pox,--! would particularly reecr-nnend to your
at,eM- e consideration, as an edifying specimen of the
etiro oery, with which the median practising vaccinators
were .vont to carry on their iniposture.

I have i,he Iionour to be, &c.

CHARLES MACLE AX.

xj r.

Walker, % quaker, not l>. Jenntr, was the fanner of
the Hoyal Jennerian Society. He was, for a considerable time,
their secretary. But they quelled, and, in 1 8G& he iestitmed *
separate es-tabiishi-^nt, which "stiji. exists under the title 01 (be Loudon
Vaccine institution. He accnscsYcs Jenijerian colleagues of having
pilfered his keys, furtively retained his prcficrly, and fort or destroyed
ihe Society's Registers. Med. 60s. Vol. IV, p. oC4. He a!so g*vcs
some accost, of the proceedings of this society, not very creditable
to them as men of science, o; rneii^f honour- See Med. Obs. Vol. V.
p. 337, and Vol. Yl. p. 9, Verily, f-ic>ul Walker, I am no' thy
enemy. All the harm f wish thee, sturdy as thou art in the cause,
is that i'lion hadst, in an honest way, an income suffi.ciem.iy ample to
render tine independent of vaccination.

FINIS.

iV. G lend inning, Friater, 2b, Hatton Garden, London.